Chapter 5 Flashcards
(36 cards)
master gland
Growth hormone
Triggers release of hormones from all other glands
Pituitary glad
Deficiency in infancy leads to intellectual disability and delayed growth
Responsible for food metabolism in adulthood
Thyroid gland
Males: testosterone and androgens
Females: estrogen and progesterone
Adolescent growth hormones
Brain
Spinal column
Central nervous system (CNS)
Neural tissue
Peripheral nervous system
Development starts globally/unspecified and moves towards specified/differentiated and hierarchical
Orthogenetic
Health is a lifelong process
Health has genetic and environmental influences
Health and the study of health is multidimensional
Changes in health involve both gains and losses
Health can be affected by social and historical factors
Health in the Life-Span
Rapid growth and brain development
Infant brains have great plasticity (ability to change/adapt/overcome)
Critical period for brain development
The Infant
Grasping
Sucking
Rooting -
Turns head in direction of sound and opens mouth
Tonic neck reflex.
Primitive reflexes disappear with time (listed in table)
born with survival reflexes
May wake every 1-4 hours Stable cycle by 6 months Poor sleep habits = attention and behavioral problems ½ of sleeping hours = REM sleep “Active” sleep Brain development
Sleep and Infants
“Slow and steady” growth
The Child
Asymmetry and specialization of two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex
Left: controls right side of the body, analytic reasoning, sequential processing, language
Right: controls left side of the body, simultaneous processing, emotion, spatial and visual-motor information.
Communicate through corpus callosum
Brain lateralization
As they age, more able to integrate multi-step and complicated movements (wind up, step forward with other foot, throw ball much further than baby can)
Physical Behavior
Boys ahead in throwing, upper body strength
Girls ahead in hopping/skipping, dexterity
The Child
Gender differences
Leading cause of death in childhood
Drownings, car crashes, falls,
The Child
Accidents
1/3 of a child/s diet is snacks
Too much soda, not enough milk
Higher education level of parents helps prevent obesity
School lunch issues
The Child
Nutrition
Recommended: 60 minutes per day
Barriers: parent lifestyle, TV, unsafe neighborhoods, decreased recess time, temperament.
Benefits: enhances cognitive and executive functioning, creates good habits.
The Child
Physical activity for the child
“Grey matter” increases, peaks, and decreases “white matter” increases linearly Frontal cortex not fully developed More prone to risky behavior Alcohol and peer pressure are factors
The Adolescent
Brain changes
Focused on physical changes and puberty
Sexual maturation
Adolescent growth spurt
The Adolescent
Females stop growing quicker than boys, though they start sooner
The Adolescent: Females vs. Males
Females
Poor body image, socialize w/ older peers, depression
Males
Self-assured and confident, may have bullying issues
Early development
Females
Higher academic performance, some insecurity
Males
Anxiety, self-doubt, less likely to drink
Late development
Secular trend (as nutrition increases and life span increases, puberty starts sooner)
Family and marital stress
Early maturation in a stressful family environment (mother’s boyfriend, stepfather)
early maturation
Lower SES (social economic status) - lag behind
Anorexia (low weight)
Stops menstruation
later maturation
