Chapter 5 “Baroque” Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is the time of the Baroque?
1600-1750
What is the MAIN characteristic of the Baroque?
It’s the age of Absolutism.
Meaning that all the power is in the Monarchy.
Mention Cultural Background of the Baroque
-The oldest university in America, Harvard
-Galileo and Newtons work represented a new approach in science based on the combination of mathematics and experiments.
-Churches used art’s emotional and theatrical qualities to appeal to the audience.
-Impact on the middle class.
Characteristics of Baroque Music
-Ornamentations
-Terraced Dynamics
-Word painting flourished
-Figured Bass
-Basso Continuo
-Keyboard instruments became important
-Wind instruments were popular
-Stradivarius created his violin.
What are Terraced Dynamics?
The music stays the same for a period of time, then there is a sudden shift to a different dynamic level without crescendo or decrescendo.
What is Figured Bass?
Number to indicate the intervals above in the form the required chords.
What is Basso Continuo?
A foundation for improvised chords that filled in the harmony.
What keyboard instruments became important in the Baroque era?
Organ and Harpsichord
What is Monody?
-Giulio Caccini created it
-Innovation singing
-Solo song with one vocal line
-Opposed the polyphonic of the Renaissance
What is Opera?
-Major innovation of the Baroque
-Drama sung to an accompaniment
-Must sing and act simultaneously
Parts of an Opera
-Aria
-Recitative
-Libretto
What was the earliest Opera?
Jacobo Per’s Euridice
What is the Castrato?
Male singer castrated to maintain the soprano voice. Popular in the 1650-1700
Types of Opera
-Italian
-French
-English
How was the Italian Opera?
-OG Opera
-Claudio Monteverdi
Who was Claudio Monteverdi?
Related L’orfeo, which is the earliest surviving opera that is still performed today.
How was the French Opera?
-They added ballet at the start of the Opera
-French recitative was developed by Lully to adapt to their language.
How was the English Opera?
-“Abomination” to the eyes of Italians and French
-Semi opera, half sung and half spoken
Who was Henry Purcell?
Author in the English Opera, creator or Dido and Aeneas (1 hour Opera)
What is the Cantata?
-Leading genre of vocal music. Story telling in a song.
-Shorter than Opera. No acting, no scenery
-Can be both sacred and secular.
What is the Oratorio?
-Dramatic musical genre with sacred text based on biblical story.
-Performed at common places of worship.
Mention 3 Instrumental authors of the Baroque
-Antonio Vivaldi
-Johann Sebastian Bach
-George Friderich Handel
Who was Antonio Vivaldi?
-Late Italian Baroque composer
-“Red Priest”
-Violin teacher, virtuoso, composer, and conductor at a music school
-Wrote the “Four Seasons” (Program Music)
What is Program Music?
Music associated with a story, poem, idea, or scene.
