Chapter 7 “Romanticism” Flashcards
(23 cards)
What was the time of the Romanticism?
1820-1900
What is the MAIN description of the Romanticism?
Individual, subjective, irrational, imaginative, personal, spontaneous, emotional, visionary and transcendental were all emphasized.
What are the characteristics of the Romantic Music?
-Continued use of classical forms and, expanded on emotional intensity.
-Greater range of tone color, dynamics and pitch.
-Expanded harmony, complex chords.
-Linked to literature.
-Emphasis on self expression and individuality of styles.
What is Program Music?
Music associated with a story, poem, idea or scene.
Romantic Program Music is linked to literature rather than nature or scenery.
How was the orchestra in the Romanticism?
Up to a 100 musicians.
What was Nationalism?
Important political movement that influenced the 19th century. Romantic composers deliberately created music with a specific national identity, using Folsom, dances, legends and history of the homeland.
What was the Art Song?
A composition for solo voice and piano that served as an interpretive partner to the voice.
Mention important composers of the Romanticism
-Franz Schubert
-Robert Schumann
-Frederic Chopin
-Franz Liszt
-Hector Berlioz
-Felix Mendelssohn
-Bedrich Smetana
-Antonin Dvorak
-Peter Illyich Tchaikovsky
-Johannes Brahms
Who was Franz Schubert?
He never held any official position and was neither a conductor or virtuoso, but wrote 600 songs.
The Erlking was based on Goethe’s poem with 4 characters
What were the characters on The Erlking?
-Narrator
-Father
-Son
-The Erlking (evil spirit)
Who was Robert Schumann?
-He studied law but at 20 years old he decided to become a piano virtuoso.
-Injured his hand so couldn’t become a pianist.
-Founder an editor of the New journal of Music
-Married to Clara Wieck
-Had multiple personalities.
What were the names of Robert Schumann personalities?
-Florestan
-Eusebius
Who was Frederic Chopin?
-Was born in Poland and studied in France.
-Received support from the Rothschild family.
-Wrote 600 Mazurkas (Traditional Polish dance)
-Wrote Nocturne
What was the Nocturne?
Brief piano works that were inspired by the night. John Field is the original creator but Chopin drew inspiration from him.
Who was Franz Liszt?
-Studied piano with Carl Czerny and composition with Salieri
-Desired to become a priest
-After listening to Paganini, he wanted to translate the technique to the piano and wrote La Campanella.
-Wrote the Symphonic Poem (Mazeppa)
What is the Mazeppa?
Type of orchestral musical piece that illustrates or evokes a poem, story, printing or other non musical source.
Has only 1 movement.
Who was Hector Berlioz?
-French romantic composer
-Wrote Symphonie Fantastique
-Did Program Music
-Used the Idee Fixe
What is the Idee Fixe?
Fixed Idea. Recurring musical theme that appears in all the movements that depicts a person or emotion.
Who was Felix Mendelssohn?
-German mid-romantic composer
-Revival of Bach’s music
-Wealthy and from Jewish family
-Nazis prohibited his music because it represents Jewish heritage.
Who was Bedrich Smetana?
-Czech composer
-Wrote a Nationalist composition called The Moldeau
Who was Antonin Dvorak?
-Leading composer of Czech music
-Went to NY and spent three years as the director of the National Conservatory of Music.
-Dvorak encouraged American composers to write nationalistic music.
-Wrote the New World’s Symphony (Symphony No. 9)
Who was Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
-Russian Composer
-Wrote many ballet music (Swan Lake, The Nutcracker)
-Received financial support from Meck, a wealthy widow for 14 years.
Who was Johannes Brahms?
-German composer
-Had a special relationship with Clara Schumann
-Wrote the German Requiem that focused on the living rather than the dead.
