Chapter 5: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

(70 cards)

1
Q

cardiovascular system composed of

A

heart, arteries, capillaries, veins

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2
Q

layers of heart

A

endocardium, myocardium, pericardium

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3
Q

heart contained inside the

A

pericardial sac

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4
Q

pericardial cavity contains

A

serous fluid to reduce friction during heart contraction

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5
Q

right side of heart

A

pulmonary circulation to lungs

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6
Q

left side of heart

A

systemic circulation to body systems

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7
Q

other functions of cardiovascular system

A

dispose of waste, aides lymphatic system in circulating substances

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8
Q

angi/o

A

vessel (blood or lymph)

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9
Q

aneurysm/o

A

widened blood vessel

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10
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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11
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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12
Q

arteriol/o

A

arteriole

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13
Q

ather/o

A

fatty plaque

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14
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

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15
Q

cardi/o or coron/o

A

heart

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16
Q

phleb/o or ven/o

A

vein

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17
Q

thromb/o

A

blood clot

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18
Q

varic/o

A

dilated vein

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19
Q

vas/o

A

vessel, vas deferens, duct

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20
Q

-cardia

A

heart condition

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21
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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22
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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23
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing/stricture

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24
Q

-ectasis

A

dilation, expansion

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25
tachy-
rapid
26
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
formation of thrombus in calf or thigh; complete or partial blockage, may cause pain but often asymptomatic
27
treatment of DVT
anticoagulants, thrombolytics
28
anticoagulants
prevent future thrombi formation
29
thrombolytics
dissolve blood clots
30
coronary artery disease (CAD) symptoms
angina pectoris and shortness of breath (SOB)
31
cause of CAD
accumulation of plaque in arterial walls - blockage from clot formation of ruptured plaque - clot may travel to brain
32
risk factors of CAD
smoking, hypertension, stress, inactivity, family history, diabetes, obesity, high cholesterol
33
treatment of CAD
lifestyle changes, drugs for angina/hypertension/triglycerides/clots, PCTA
34
PCTA
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
35
aneurysm
local dilation of artery or heart chamber due to weakening of walls - thrombus formation, hemorrhage, ischemia
36
fusiform
aneurysm dilation of entire circumference
37
saccular
aneurysm bulging on one side
38
dissecting
aneurysm when inner layer tears causing a cavity that fills with blood with each heartbeat
39
three common types of aneurysm
abdominal, thoracic, peripheral artery
40
varicose veins
defective veins prevent blood from freely flowing towards heart; inherited or venous diseases
41
varicose veins symptoms
swollon, tortuous, knotted veins in legs; veins thicken; fatigue in legs
42
treatment of varicose veins
compression socks; sclerotherapy, laser treatment
43
arrhythmia or dysrhthmia
irregularity of loss of rhythm of heartbeat
44
bruit
soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow
45
heart block
interference with normal transmission of electrical impulses through conducting systems of heart
46
heart failure (HF)
inability of heart to circulate blood effectively enough to meet body's needs
47
hypertension
high blood pressure above 140/90
48
ischemia
inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part due to interruption of blood flow
49
cardiac catherterization
catheter is guided into heart via vein or artery
50
cardiac enzymes
test to measure levels of enzymes released into blood during an MI
51
holter monitor
records ECG readings for 24 hours on portable device to document arrythmias and link them to symptoms
52
stress test
exercise tolerance to determine heart's response to stress; ECG recorded under exercise conditions
53
nuclear stress test uses
radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow
54
doppler ultrasonography (US)
used to asses blood flow through blood vessels and heart; handheld transducer emits sound waves, placed on carotid artery
55
troponin I
blood test that measures levels of proteins released into blood when myocardial cells die
56
EKG or ECG
recording of electrical activity of heart
57
atheroma
tumor of fatty plaque
58
venography, phlebography
recording a vein
59
thrombolysis
separation or destruction of a blood clot
60
aortography
process of recording the aorta
61
atheriosclerosis
abnormal condition of arterial walls - hardening
62
angiography
process of recording vessels after injection of contrast dye
63
automatic implantable defribillator (AICD)
implanted in patient at high risk of developing serious arrhythmia
64
angioplasty
endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels to restore blood flow
65
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
vein from leg or other body part grafted onto heart to circumvent an obstruction in a coronary artery
66
valvuloplasty
surgical repair or replacement of a valve (balloon may be used to open valve)
67
beta blockers
decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by blocking beta receptors - treat angina and hypertension
68
nitrates
treat angina pectoris; dilates veins to decrease amount of work heart has to do
69
statins
lower cholesterol levels in blood, reduce cholesterol production in liver
70
thrombolytics
lyse blood clots used in management of accute myocardial infarction (MI) or to treat ischemic stroke