Chapter 7: Urinary System

Question 1

kidneys

Answer 1

filter urea and waste from blood, maintain water and electrolyte balance

Question 2

kidney structure

Answer 2

outer layer, cortex, inner layer, medulla

Question 3

blood enters kidney through

Answer 3

renal artery

Question 4

nephron

Answer 4

microscopic functional filtering unit of kidney

Question 5

forms urine by process of

Answer 5

filtration, reabsorption, secretion

Question 6

renal corpuscle

Answer 6

site of blood filtration i nephron; consists of glomerulus and Bowman capsule

Question 7

renal tubule

Answer 7

urine formation complete in tubules; flows to renal pelvis (ureter)

Question 8

nephr/o, ren/o

Answer 8

kidney

Question 9

pyel/o

Answer 9

renal pelvis

Question 10

ureter/o

Answer 10

ureter

Question 11

cyst/o, vesic/o

Answer 11

bladder

Question 12

ur/o, urin/o

Answer 12

urine, urinary tract

Question 13

urethr/o

Answer 13

urethra

Question 14

meat/o

Answer 14

meatus, opening

Question 15

glomerul/o

Answer 15

glomerulus

Question 16

-emia

Answer 16

blood

Question 17

-iasis

Answer 17

abnormal condition produced by something specified

Question 18

-lysis

Answer 18

separation, destruction, loosening

Question 19

-pathy

Answer 19

disease

Question 20

-pexy

Answer 20

fixation of an organ

Question 21

-ptosis

Answer 21

prolapse, downward displacement

Question 22

-tripsy

Answer 22

crushing

Question 23

excessive urination

Answer 23

poly/uria

Question 24

scanty urine

Answer 24

olig/uria

Question 25

end stage renal disease (ESRD)

Answer 25

jirreversible, progressive deterioration of kidney funciton; loses ability to excrete nitrogenous waste;

Question 26

ESRD usually result of

Answer 26

chronic renal failure (CRF)

Question 27

treatment of ESRD

Answer 27

dietary restriction of protein, sodium, potassium; antiemetics for nausea

Question 28

renal calculi

Answer 28

concentration of mineral salts in renal pelvis, or along urinary tract

Question 29

symptoms of renal calculi

Answer 29

if stone lodges in ureter, intense pain and urinary urgency; if in pelvis or calices, dull and constant pain

Question 30

treatment of renal calculi

Answer 30

increase water intake, surgery, antibiotics, analgesic, ultrasound

Question 31

hydronephrosis

Answer 31

distention of renal pelvis and calices due to pressure from accumulating urine; may interrupt kidney function

Question 32

treatment of hydronephrosis

Answer 32

remove obstruction, ,catheterization, analgesics, antibiotics, surgery

Question 33

azoturia

Answer 33

increase of nitrogenous substances (urea) in urine

Question 34

diuresis

Answer 34

increased formation and secretion of urine

Question 35

hypospadias

Answer 35

abnormal congenital opening of male urethra on undersurface of penis

Question 36

polycystic kidney disease

Answer 36

hereditary condition in which kidneys are enlarged and contain many cysts that develop over time, requires dialysis or transplant

Question 37

uremia

Answer 37

increase in concentration of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in blood

Question 38

wilms tumor

Answer 38

malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, usually before age 5

Question 39

cystoscopy

Answer 39

examination of urinary bladder

Question 40

bladder ultrasonography

Answer 40

sound-waves used to produce images of bladder; determine bladder volume, identify incomplete emptying of bladder

Question 41

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Answer 41

lab test that determines amount of nitrogen in blood that comes from urea

Question 42

urinalysis

Answer 42

urine screening test: physical observation, chemical tests, microscopic evaluation

Question 43

voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

Answer 43

x-ray of bladder and urethra, performed before/during/after voiding using a constrast medium

Question 44

proteinuria

Answer 44

protein in urine

Question 45

catheterization

Answer 45

insertion of catheter into body cavity or organ to instill a subtance or remove fluid

Question 46

hemodialysis

Answer 46

patient's blood diverted to a dialysis machine for filtering

Question 47

peritoneal dialysis

Answer 47

dialysis in which patient's own peritoneum is used as dialyzing membrane - contaminated fluid drains out and is replaced with fresh solution

Question 48

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Answer 48

sound-wave vibrations used to break up kidney stones