Chapter 4: Respiratory System Flashcards
(76 cards)
1
Q
upper respiratory tract
A
nose, septum, pharynx, larynx, trachea
2
Q
lower respiratory tract
A
lungs, alveoli, bronchi, bronchioles, diaphragm
3
Q
cilia in nose
A
sweep foreign materials towards throats for elimination
4
Q
pharynx
A
passageway for air from nose and food from mouth, connects to larynx
5
Q
larynx
A
makes vocal sounds possible
6
Q
trachea
A
windpipe that splits into bronchii
7
Q
bronchii
A
lead to lungs
8
Q
right lung vs. left lung
A
right lung has 3 lobes, left lung has 2 lobes
9
Q
bronchi enters into lung and then
A
divides into bronchioles
10
Q
bronchioles terminate at
A
alveoli
11
Q
alveoli
A
air sacs at lungs that allow ventilation
12
Q
diaphragm
A
contracts and descends to aide in breathing
13
Q
inhalation
A
inspiration
14
Q
nas/o and rhin/o
A
nose
15
Q
tonsill/p
A
tonsils
16
Q
adenoid/o
A
adenoid
17
Q
pharyng/o
A
pharynx
18
Q
laryng/o
A
larynx
19
Q
trache/o
A
trachea
20
Q
pneum/o and pneumon/o
A
air, lung
21
Q
pulmon/o
A
lung
22
Q
bronch/o and bronchi/o
A
bronchus
23
Q
bronchiol/o
A
bronchioles
24
Q
thorac/o
A
chest
25
phren/o
diaphragm
26
-ectasis
dilation, expansion
27
-osmia
smell
28
-pnea
breathing
29
-plegia
paralysis
30
swallowing air
aer/o/plagia
31
sleep apnea
breathing stops during sleep; associated with obesity, hypertension
32
obstructive sleep apnea
air unable to flow in or out of upper respiratory tract
33
central sleep apnea
brain does not send proper signals to muscles that control breathing
34
causes of obstructive sleep apnea
airway obstruction from soft palate; excess neck tissue; tonsil enlargment
35
sleep apnea in premature infants
CNS fails to maintain consistent respiratory rate
36
treatment of sleep apnea
weight loss; tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPP); CPAP
37
lung cancer signs and symptoms
early is difficult to detect; smoker's cough, wheezing, chest pain, dyspnea, hemoptysis
38
risk factors for lung cancer
chemical exposure, smoking, secon-hand smoke
39
treatment for lung cnacer
surgery, radiation, chemotherapy
40
definitive diagnosis of treatment
chest x-ray, sputum cytology test, bronchoscopy
41
wedge resection
excision of small portion of lung and healthy surrounding tissue
42
segmented resection
excision of portion of lobe of lung (segmentectomy)
43
lobectomy
excision of one lobe of lungs
44
pneumonectomy
excision of a lung of portion of the lung
45
upper airway obstruction symptoms
cyanosis of skin, difficulty breathing, choking, confusion, panic, unconsciousness
46
treatment of upper airway obstruction
laryngoscope, bronchoscope, endotracheal or nasotracheal tube, tracheostomy
47
pneumothorax
increased air pressure on affected side causes mediastinal shift to unaffected side - shortness of breath, chest pain, hypotension
48
treatment of pneumothorax
fowler or semi-fowler position, oxygen provided; thoracostomy
49
bronchiectasis
widening and destruction of large airways or bronchi, usually in lower portions of lungs
50
bronchiectasis symptoms
chronic cough, foul-smelling sputum; hemoptysis, dysapnea, wheezing, fever, malaise, halitosis
51
bronchiectasis
control of infections and bronchial secretions; relieve airway obstruction
52
pulmonary embolism
blood clot (embolism) lodges in and blocks an artery in the lung vessels
53
pulmonary embolism symptoms
cough, chest pain, fever; dysapnea, tachypnea (rate of 20 breaths/min), hemoptysis; cyanosis, shock, death
54
treatment for pulmonary embolism
oxygen therapy and anticoagulant, thrombolytic drugs
55
empyema
pus in body cavity
56
pyothorax
pus in pleural cavity
57
emphysema
chronic disease - overexpansion and destruction of alveoli - associated with cigarette smoking
58
epistaxis
bleeding from nose; rhinorrhagia
59
ischemia
inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part due to interruption of blood flow
60
rhonchi
abnormal repiratory soung resembling snoring; blockage in larger airways
61
tubercle
small lesions that appear in the lungs when a person is infected with TB
62
bronchoscopy
tissue biopsy for cancer detection of lungs; remoce obstruction
63
polysomnography
diagnoses sleep disorders; records eye and muscle movement, breathing, EEG
64
spirometry
measure capacity of lungs
65
thoracentesis
removes fluid from pleural space for diagnostic or therapeutic pruposes
66
arterial blood gas (ABG)
measures oxygen and carbon dioxide content of arterial blood
67
pulmonary function test (PFT)
measures capacity of lungs and volume of air during inhalation and exhalation
68
endotracheal intubation
tube through mouth or nose into trachea to provide air to patients who cannot breath on their own
69
laryngectomy
excision of all or part of larynx
70
lavage
irrigation of paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material
71
postural drainage
body is positioned so gravity helps remove secretions from lungs or bronchi
72
tracheostomy
opening into trachea with placement of indwelling tube; allows air to flow into lungs, aids in removal of secretions
73
oxygen therapy
oxygen administration most commonly via nasal cannula
74
bronchodilators
drugs that dilate constricted airways via metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
75
corticosteroids
MDIs, nebulized mist treatments (NMTs)
76
expectorant
prescipred to reduce sputum thickness and ability to cough it up
