Chapter 5 - Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Blood and lymphatic vessel layers

Answer 1

Tunica Intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

Question 2

Tunica intima

Answer 2

Innermost layer of blood vessels or lymphatic vessel; consists of endothelium

Question 3

Tunica media

Answer 3

Middle layer; smooth muscle

Question 4

Tunica adventitia

Answer 4

Outermost fibrous layer; consists of connective tissue

Question 5

Precapillary sphincter

Answer 5

A band of smooth muscle that adjusts blood flow into capillaries

Question 6

Sphincter

Answer 6

A cylindrical Muscle that normally maintains constriction of a normal body passage or office and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning

Question 7

Arteries

Answer 7

Carry blood away from heart to tissues

Question 8

Veins

Answer 8

Carry blood toward heart

Question 9

Blood flow

Answer 9

Heart - arteries- arterioles (smaller arteries) - capillaries- venules (small veins) veins- heart - arteries etc

Question 10

Components of blood

Answer 10

1. Blood plasma (liquid matirx)

2. Formed elements (cells and fragments)

Question 11

Formed elements

Answer 11

1. Red blood cells
2. White blood cells
3. Platelets - cell fragments involved in blood clotting

Question 12

Red blood cells

Answer 12

RBCs, erythrocytes, red corpuscle
Produced by red bone marrow, live for 3 months
Contain hemoglobin, a protein in blood cells that transports oxygen

Question 13

White blood cells

Answer 13

WBCs, leukocytes, white corpuscles

Immune funcitions - recognize and destroy invaders

Question 14

platelets

Answer 14

Cell fragments involved in blood clotting

Question 15

Hemostasis

Answer 15

The process of stoppage of bleeding1. Vascular spasm - tunica media (smooth muscles contracts immediately)2. Platelet plug - platelets stick to damaged vessel walls:platelet plug- release serotonin to maintain contraction of smooth muscle. 3. Clot formation - fibrin and platelets from temporary clot and allows permanent clot repair to occur

Question 16

Hepatocytes

Answer 16

Forms plasma proteins; remain in the blood and have various functions ie FIBRIN; with platelets forms a temporary clot and allows permanent repair to take place

Question 17

Serum

Answer 17

The component that contains neither blood cells nor clotting factors but includes all proteins and other substances not used in blood clotting

Question 18

Blood disorders

Answer 18

Hemophilia, thrombus, embolus, aneurysm, anemia cyanosis

Question 19

Hemophilia

Answer 19

Inherited disorder of blood coagulation (clotting) characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage (bleed), spontaneous or traumatic, due to a defect in the blood coagulating mechanism

Question 20

Coagulation

Answer 20

Clotting

Question 21

hemorrhage

Answer 21

Bleed

Question 22

Thrombus

Answer 22

A fibrin clot that forms in and can obstruct a blood vessel or that forms in one of the chambers of the heart

Question 23

Embolus

Answer 23

A dislodged thrombus, clump of tissue, glass bubble, fat globule etc that has lodged in a blood vessel and is obstructing it

Question 24

Aneurysm

Answer 24

A sac like enlargement of a blood vessel caused by a weakening of its wall. When it pops it bleeds.

Question 25

Anemia

Answer 25

Any condition in which the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood is reduced, thereby reducing the oxygen carry capacity of the blood. Manifested by pallor(paleness) of skin and membranes, shortness of breath and lathargy

Question 26

pallor

Answer 26

Paleness

Question 27

Cyanosis

Answer 27

A bluish hue to the skin, gums, fingernails or mucous membranes caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood. When blood is oxygenation (bright red) when lacks oxygen supply (dark purple or bluish red). In dark skinned people easier to see in mucus membranes (lips, gums, around eyes) and nails.

Question 28

Lymphatic system

Answer 28

Consists of lymphatic vessels, nodes, and associated tissue 1. Transports lipids (fats) &lipid soluble vitamins(A,D,E,K)absorbed by the GI tract to the blood 2. Resistance to disease (immune system) 3. Empties excess interstitial fluid (fluid surrounding cells) into the veins of the superior thorax(chest)

Question 29

Lipids

Answer 29

Fats

Question 30

Interstitial fluid

Answer 30

Fluid surrounding cells. Become lymph when it enters a lymph capillary (microscopic vessel). The lymph then travels to at least one lymph node where white blood cells protect the body from invaders

Question 31

Thorax

Answer 31

Chest

Question 32

Edema

Answer 32

An accumulation of an excessive amount of interstitial fluid, can result from blockage of lymphatic vessels.

Question 33

Superficial lymph nodes are found in the;

Answer 33

1. Cervical region (neck) 2. Axillary region (armpit) 3. Inguinal region (groin)