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Zoology(Midterms) > Chapter 5: Cell: the basic unit of life > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Cell: the basic unit of life Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

Is the smallest unit of life?

A

Cell

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2
Q

Cell is originated from the latin word?

A

cella, means a small room or compartment

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3
Q

Cell is introduced by?

A

Robert hooke

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4
Q

Is the building blocks of all animals and plants?

A

Cell

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5
Q

T/f: Cell is capable of performing life functions?

A

T

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6
Q

3 cycle of cell? GRM

A

GROWS, REPRODUCES, MATURES

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7
Q

Is the study of the structure and function of cells?

A

Cytology

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8
Q

2 Types of cell?

A

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell

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9
Q

What is the cell size in eukaryotic and prokaryotic?

A

E- LARGER (10-100 MICROMETER)
P- SMALLER (.1- 5.0 MICROMETER)

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10
Q

What is the dna structure of EUK AND PROK?

A

EUK- LINEAR
PROK- CIRCULAR (NAKED)

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11
Q

difference of ribosomes in euk and prok?

A

euk - larger (80S RIBOSOME)
PROK- SMALLER (70S RIBOSOME)

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12
Q

CELL WALL IN EUK AND PROK?

A

EUK- PRESENT IN PLANTS(CELLULOSE), FUNGI (CHITIN); ABSENT IN ANIMALS

PROK- PRESENT IN PEPTIDOGLYCAN IN BACTERIA

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13
Q

Flagellar structure in euk and prok?

A

EUK- COMPLEX, MADE OF MICROTUBULES (9+2 ARRANGEMENT)]

PROK- SIMPLE, MADE OF SINGLE PROTEIN CALLED FLAGELLIN

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14
Q

Is a proteins associated with genetic material present in eukaryotic cell?

A

Histones

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15
Q

Is the outer covering of the cell and functions as a selective barrier that regulated the entrance and exit of substances into the cell.

A

cell membrane

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16
Q

Cell membrane can be described into 2 models called?

A

classical model and fluid mosaic model

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17
Q

Who characterize the classical model?

A

Hugh Davson and James Danielli

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18
Q

The model characterizes the membrane as a phospholipid bilayer sandwiched by a coat of protein on either surface?

A

Classical model

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19
Q

Who characterizes fluid mosaic model?

A

Jonathan Singer & Garth Nicolson

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20
Q

The model states that the lipid bilayer is fluid & individual phospholipids diffuse rapidly throughout the surface of the membrane.

A

Fluid mosaic model

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21
Q

Why fluid mosaic model is mosaic due to

A

It is due proteins, cholesterol, and other molecules.

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22
Q

How many layer is the cell or plasma membrane?

A

double layer or bilayer

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23
Q

cell is made of? type of lipid or fat?

A

phospholipid

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24
Q

t/f cell membrane is important as it helps regulate substances that enter and exit the cell and serves as a solvent for integral membrane proteins that run across bilayer?

A

t

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25
is the external coating of the cell membrane and is made up of glycoproteins and polysaccharides?
glycocalyx
26
what are small and nonpolar molecules?
oxygen and carbon dioxide
27
Small, nonpolar molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide can pass directly through the lipid bilayer by?
simple diffusion
28
example of small polar molecules?
water
29
Small polar molecules, such as water, may pass through the membrane via
aquaporins
30
example of Ions and larger polar molecules?
sodium ion and glucose
31
Ions and larger polar molecules, like sodium ions and glucose, require______ specific to move across the membrane?
transport protein
32
glycocalyx external coating made of?
glycoprotein and polysaccharides
33
what Protects & enables cell to cell recognition, Receptor sites for hormones, Allows cell to respond to changes in electrical potentials, and Filtration barrier?
glycocalyx
34
is the inner part of the cell, jelly-like substance, and is biggest part of the cell where organelles are found?
cytoplasm
35
-Liquid part of the cytoplasm -Primarily made of water -Also contains ions, small molecules, proteins, lipids & other organic compound
cytosol
36
What are cytoplasmic organelles?
Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus mitochondrion lysosomes centriole pigment secretory granules cytoplasmic inclusion
37
Intercommunicating channel composed of membrane-enclosed sacs and tubules
endoplasmic reticulum
38
is more common type, has attached ribosomes; involved in protein synthesis
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
39
more tubular and non gradular, has no attached ribosomes; a site for lipid synthesis, cellular detoxification, and storage of calcium ions in skeletal muscle cells.
Smooth ER
40
It helps in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones in endocrine cells?
ER
41
Composed of sets of cisternae (flattened membrane-bound sac) and vesicles Sorts and packages molecules for use within the cell or for exocytosis (cell secretion)
Golgi apparatus/ complex
42
Have smooth outer membrane & inner membrane has numerous folds and power plant of the cell?
Mitochondrion
43
Mitochondrion Have smooth outer membrane & inner membrane has numerous folds called
cristae
44
-The power house of the cell - Responsible for producing considerable amounts of ATP by aerobic respiration - It is the site of adenosine triphosphate synthesis and fatty acid oxidation
Mitochondrion
45
T/F: Cells which require more energy have more mitochondria
TRUE
46
EXAMPLES OF CELLS THAT REQUIRES MORE METOCHONDRIA?
MUSCLE, NERVE, SPERM, KIDNEY, LIVER CELLS
47
EXAMPLES OF CELLS THAT REQUIRES LESS METOCHONDRIA
adipose cells, epithelial cells, RBCs, cartilage cells
48
Small-membrane bound bodies with hydrolytic enzymes -the organelle in animal cells that contains enzyme to break down waste materials and cellular debris
Lysosomes
49
what do u call the enzyme for intracellular digestion?
acid hydrolases
50
-Small, cylindrical organelle composed of microtubules and Involved in cell division such as mitosis by the formation of the mitotic spindle?
centriole
51
are substances that do not require staining by dyes because they already possess their own color? abundant in plant cells
pigments
52
are large dense granules with membranes and is fuse with cell membrane to secrete substances out of the cell
secretory substances
53
Substances that are suspended in the cytoplasm
cytoplasmic inclusion
54
maintain cell structure & shape as it provides resiliency
microfilaments
55
linear polymers of tubulin, a network forms the spindle apparatus during cell division
microtubules
56
site for protein synthesis
ribosomes
57
store fatty acids and sterols
lipid droplets
58
for glucose cycle; abundant in liver cells
glycogen granules
59
Largest and most prominent organelle
nucleus
60
-Accounts for almost 10% of the volume of the entire cell -Control center of the cell -Contains the genetic material DNA which is organized into chromosomes
nucleus
61
t/f : RBCs and platelets lose nucleus as they mature
true
62
Nucleus is source for
rRNA (RIBOSOMAL) mRNA (MESSENGER) tRNA (Transfer)
63
is the nucleus two layered outer limit separating it from cytoplasm
nuclear envelope
64
acts as selective channels between the cytoplasm and the inside of nucleus, selectively allowing molecules contain the correct localization of signal to pass in and out.
nuclear pores
65
found inside the nucleus, made up of DNA AND proteins and forms chromosomes during cell division?
Chromatin
66
TWO GENERAL TYPES OF CHROMATIN?
EUCHROMATIN AND HETEROCHROMATIN
67
Appears light colored and less dense. Undergoes active transcription
Euchromatin
68
appears tightly coiled , dark and has coarse granule and is inactive
heterochromatin
69
is the fluid contained in the nucleus?
nucleoplasm
70
suspended in nucleoplasm and is rich in proteins and nucleic acids, where rRNA is transcribed and assemble?
nucleolus
71
A long, thread-like structure made of DNA and associated proteins called
histones
72
Loosely packed form is called
chromatin
73
-Carries genetic information -Transmits genetic information -Controls gene expression
chromosome
74
humans have how many chromosomes?
46 chromosome
75
how many pairs are autosome? (traits, body functions)
22
76
How many pair of sex chromosome?
1
77
symbol for male and female?
XY MALE XX FEMALE
78
Errors in cell division (nondisjunction, when chromosomes fail to separate)
down syndrome
79
Result is three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two
trisomy 21
80
What are functions of cell?
energy production protein synthesis cell communication transport of material cell division homeostasis response to stimuli metabolism waste removal and specialization
81
draw eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell
82
golgi apparatus is composed of sets of? flattened membrane bound sac ?
cisternae
83
in mitochondrion____ contains enzymes, mtDNA, ribosomes, metabolites
matrix
84
draw and label parts of chromosome

Zoology(Midterms) (3 decks)

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