Chapter 6: Cell division and inheritance

Question 1

is a regular pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division

Answer 1

cell cycle

Question 2

cell cycle occurs in?

Answer 2

eukaryotic cell

Question 3

The ordered sequence of events that prepares a cell for division, leading to the production of two identical daughter cells.

Answer 3

cell cycle

Question 4

what is the 4 stages of cell cycle?

Answer 4

Gap1, synthesis, Gap 2, mitosis

Question 5

what comprises the interphase stage?

Answer 5

G1, S, G2

Question 6

Is the phase during which the cell is not undergoing division.
- majority of cell’s time
- cells are not dividing
- regular functions (take in nutrients, grow, prepare for cell division

Answer 6

interphase

Question 7

is the first phase of interphase that comes before the synthesis of DNA . Change occurs in the increased of size

Answer 7

Gap 1 or G1

Question 8

is the crucial part of interphase since this is when DNA is synthesized?

Answer 8

Synthesis Phase

Question 9

comes after DNA synthesis has occured but prior to start the mitosis. In this phase cell synthesize protein and continue increase in size.

Answer 9

G2 or Gap 2

Question 10

-Short part of the cell cycle
-Occurs in somatic or body cells
-Involves formation of 2 daughter cells from a single parent cell.

Answer 10

Mitosis

Question 11

what are the 4 phases of mitosis?

Answer 11

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 12

In this stage of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into more discrete chromosomes. in short, chromosomes become visible and centrioles move to opposite poles.

Answer 12

Prophase

Question 13

Where microtubules are produce?

Answer 13

centrosome

Question 14

what stage of mitosis, where the spindle fibers are fully develop and the chromosome align in the equatorial plate?

Answer 14

Metaphase

Question 15

what stage of mitosis, where nuclear membrane completely disappears?

Answer 15

Metaphae

Question 16

what stage of mitosis, where Paired sister chromatids separate from one another (each is considered a full chromosome) and
Spindle apparatus moves the daughter chromosomes towards the poles at the opposite ends and
At the end, each pole contains a complete set of chromosomes

Answer 16

anaphase

Question 17

what stage of mitosis where chromosomes are not visible into distinct new nuclei of daughter cells?

Answer 17

telophase

Question 18

what stage of mitosis, where nucleus starts to reappear?

Answer 18

telophase

Question 19

In telophase stage, how many cell occurs when cell finally divides?

Answer 19

2 cells.

Question 20

-Occurs in sex cells or gametes of sexually matured organisms
- A single (parent) cell divides twice to produce four independent (daughter) cells, each having half the chromosomes as the original cell.
-Reduces the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid
-Responsible for the production of sex cells in animals & spores in plants

Answer 20

Meiosis

Question 21

what are 2 stages of meiosis?

Answer 21

meiosis 1 and meiosis 2

Question 22

2 sister chromatids are called?

Answer 22

dyad

Question 23

Crossing over occurs between 2 non-sister chromatids along a point called

Answer 23

chiasma

Question 24

what stage in meiosis, where Each chromosome is now composed of 2 sister chromatids (dyad) held by centromere and
Synapsis or pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs and
Crossing over occurs between 2 non-sister chromatids along a point called chiasma. The other 2 chromatids remain uncrossed.

Answer 24

prophase 1

Question 25

paired homologous chromosome are called?

Answer 25

tetrads

Question 26

what stage in meiosis, where Paired homologous chromosomes (tetrads) line up along the metaphase plate or equatorial plate of the cell and Spindle fibers increase in number. This is the part where the kinetochore of the chromosome attaches to facilitate movement.

Answer 26

metaphase 1

Question 27

what stage in meiosis, where Homologous chromosomes (dyads) separate and migrate toward their respective poles?

Answer 27

anaphase 1

Question 28

what stage of meiosis, where The 2 daughter cells are completely divided. and An equal amount of chromosomes are found in both cells. and Nuclear envelop and nuclei reappear, the chromosomes become visible

Answer 28

telophase 1

Question 29

what it is called the short pause between meiosis 1 and 2? Similar to interphase of mitosis, but there is no replication of the chromosomes

Answer 29

interkinesis 1

Question 30

what stage of meiosis, where The nuclear envelope and nucleoli disappear, chromatids start to shorten and thicken. and The centrioles move to opposite poles, and spindle fibers arrange in preparation for metaphase.

Answer 30

prophase 2

Question 31

what stage of meiosis, where The two kinetochores of each centromere bind to spindle fibers from opposite poles. Chromosomes move to the new equatorial metaphase plate.

Answer 31

metaphase 2

Question 32

what stage in meiosis where Centromeres divide, allowing microtubules attached to the kinetochores to pull the sister chromatids apart. The sister chromatids are now called sister chromosomes as they move toward the opposite poles.

Answer 32

anaphase 2

Question 33

what stage of meiosis, where Cleavage furrow produces 2 daughter cells, each with a haploid set of chromosomes. At the end, 4 new cells with haploid chromosomes are produced

Answer 33

telophase 2

Question 34

-Process by which gametes (sex cells) are produced in sexually reproducing organisms. -This process involves the formation and maturation of haploid cells (sperm and eggs) from diploid precursor cells.

Answer 34

Gametogenesis

Question 35

Gametogenesis occurs through

Answer 35

meiosis

Question 36

The process of sperm cell production. Occurs in the testes of males.

Answer 36

spermatogenesis

Question 37

in spermatogenesis, how many functional sperm cells from each diploid precursor cell produce?

Answer 37

4

Question 38

Continuous and typically begins at puberty, continuing throughout a male's life.

Answer 38

spermatogenesis

Question 39

The process of egg (ova) cell production. Occurs in the ovaries of females.

Answer 39

oogenesis

Question 40

oogenesis produces how many from each diploid precursor cell?

Answer 40

1 functional egg cell and 3 polar bodies

Question 41

Begins during fetal development, pauses, and resumes at puberty, continuing until menopause.

Answer 41

oogenesis

Question 42

inside the testes are numerous thin and tightly coiled seminiferous tubules with immature cells called?

Answer 42

spermatogonia