Chapter 5 concepts Flashcards
(45 cards)
how can we measure infants ability to process information?
mental processes are measured by 1.Habituation and 2. other signs of visual and perceptual abilities. And that these abilities are present from birth.
Contrary to Piaget’s ideas.
When do infants begin to understand characteristics of the physical world?
Research has showed that infants as young as 3-6 months have a grasp on Piagetian abilities such as 1.Categorizing 2. Causality 3. Object permanence 4.Sense of numbers
What does Habitutation mean?
“Familiarity breeds loss of interest”. A type of learning when repeated or continuous exposure to a stimulus reduced the attention towards that stimulus. Baby looses interest
What is dishabituation?
An increase in responsiveness after presentation of a new stimulus.
Visual preference
Infants spend more time looking at one sight than another.
Visual recognition memory
A babies ability to distinguish a new stimuli from a familiar one when shown both at the same time.
What are the 6 approaches to cognitive development? BPPICC
Behaviorist approach Psychometric approach Piagetian approach Information processing approach Cognitive neuroscience approach Social Contextual approach
What is the Behaviorist approach?
The study of mechanics of learning. How behavior changes in response to experience.
What is the Psychometric approach?
Measures quantitative differences in abilities that make up intelligence
What is Piagetian approach?
Looks at changes in the quality of cognitive functioning. How the mind structures its activities to adapt to the environment.
Information processing approach?
study of development that analyzes processes involved in perceiving and handling information.
Cognitive neuroscience approach?
study of development that links brain processes with cognitive ones.
social contextual approach?
study of development tat focuses on environmental influenced particularly parents and caregivers.
Explain classic conditioning, and give an example
its learning based on associating a stimulus that doesn’t elicit a response with another stimulus that does elicit a response.
An example. baby blinks at camera flash at first, then it becomes habit everytime she sees the camera.
Explain Operant conditioning, give an example
learning based on association of behavior with its consequences.
Example. baby babbling at the sight of parents, to get parents attention.
What is Baleys scales of infant and Toddler development
its a standardized test of infants and toddlers mental and motor development.
What is Home observation for Measurement of the Environment. HOME
measuring the influence of the home environment on children’s cognitive growth.
Summarize the major development during the 6 sub stages of the sensorimotor stage
- Babies exercise the inborn abilities
- Babies repeat pleasurable behaviors
- Babies show interest in the environment
- Babies behavior is more deliberate and purposeful
- Toddlers show curiosity and experimentation
- Toddlers can mentally represent events, they are not confined to trial and error to solve problems.
What are baby schemes
organized thoughts and behaviors.
object permanence
piagets term for understanding an object and person still exist even when out of sight
What are the 4 types of imitation?
Invisible, visible, deferred, elicited
What is pictorial competence?
ability to understand the nature of pictures, develops at 19 months
Classic and Operant conditioning fall under which type of approach?
Behaviorist
What type of tests and observations fall under Psychometric approach?
HOME, Baleys scales of infant and toddler development, IQ tests, Early intervention
