Chapter 5: Digestive System Flashcards by Kamryn Ordes

Gallstones in the gallbladder

Cholelithiasis

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Chronic degenerative disease of the liver

Cirrhosis

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Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

Viral hepatitis

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Telescoping of the intestines

Intussusception

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Group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

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Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers

Ulcerative colitis

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Twisting of the intestines on itself

Volvulus

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Painful, inflamed intestines

Dysentery

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Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region

Hemorrhoids

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Failure of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

Ileus

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Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

Crohn Disease

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Abnormal side pockets (outpouchings in the intestinal wall)

Diverticulosis

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Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both

Colorectal cancer

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Abnormal tube like passageway near the anus

Anal fistula

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Polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

Colonic polyposis

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Protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it

Hernia

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Open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum

Peptic ulcer

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Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

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Malignant tumor of the stomach

Gastric carcinoma

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Swollen, varicose veins at lower ends of the esophagus

Esophageal varices

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Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax

Achalasia

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Inflammation of the mouth by infection with the herpes virus

Herpetic stomatitis

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White plagues or patches

Oral leukoplakia

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Inflammation and degeneration of the gums, teeth, and surrounding bone

Periodontal disease

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Tooth decay

Dental caries

Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers

Aphthous stomatitis

Fat in the feces; frothy, foul smelling fecal matter

Steatorrhea

Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

Eructation

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

Ascites

-ase

Enzyme

-chezia

Defecation

-iasis

Abnormal condition

-prandial

Meal

Bucc/o

Cheek

Celi/o

Belly, abdomen

Dent/i

Tooth

Esophag/o

Esophagus

Sialaden/o

Salivary gland

The combining form for the first part of the large intestine is

Cec/o

Pertaining to the abdomen

Celiac

Part of the tooth that contains a rich supply of nerves and blood vessels

Pulp

Gingiv/o means

Gums

Buccal means

Pertaining to the cheek

High blood levels of a pigment released by the liver with bile

Hyperbilirubinemia

Carries bile into the duodenum

Common bile duct

Enzyme to digest starch

Amylase

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

Chron disease

Ring of muscles

Sphincter

Specialist in gums

Periodontist

Stomat/o means

Mouth

Cheli/o means the same as

Labi/o

Stone in a salivary gland

Sialadenolithiasis

Membrane that connects parts of the small intestine

Mesentery

New opening from the large bowel to the surface of the body

Colostomy

Fats are improperly digested and appear in the feces

Steatorrhea

Lack of appetite

Anorexia

Another term for jaundice

Icterus

Esophageal varices are

Swollen, twisted veins

Abnormal side pockets in a hollow organ, such as the intestine

Diverticula

Telescoping of the intestine

Intussusception

Difficulty in swallowing

Dysphagia

White plagues on the mucosa of the mouth

Oral leukoplakia

Pertaining to surrounding the anus

Perianal

Removal (resection) of the appendix

Appendectomy

Inflammation of the appendix

Appendicitis

The mucous membrane lining the cheek

Buccal mucosa

Pertaining to the cecum

Cecal

Pertaining to the abdomen

Celiac

Abnormal condition of the lips

Cheilosis

Removal of the gallbladder

Cholecystectomy

Incision of the common bile duct

Choledochotomy

New opening of the colon to the outside of the body

Colostomy

Pertaining to the colon

Colonic

Process of visual examination of the colon

Colonscopy

Pertaining to tooth and cheek

Dentibuccal

Pertaining to the duodenum

Duodenal

Inflammation of the small and large intestines

Enterocolitis

New opening between two previously unconnected parts of the small intestine

Enteroenterostomy

Membrane that holds the intestines together

Mesentery

Pertaining to apart from the intestines (refers to delivery of substances any way other than through the digestive tract)

Parenteral

Pertaining to the esophagus

Esophageal

Pertaining to the face

Facial

New opening into the stomach through the abdominal wall

Gastrostomy

Inflammation of the gums

Gingivitis

Pertaining to under the tongue

Hypoglossal

Tumor (malignant) of the liver; hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatoma

Pertaining to the ring of muscles between the ileum and the cecum

Ileocecal sphincter

Enlargement of the liver

Hepatomegaly

Inflammation of the ileum

Ileitis

New opening between the common bile duct and the jejunum; anastomosis

Choledochojejunostomy

New opening of the ileum to the outside of the body

Ileostomy

New opening between the stomach and the jejunum; anastomosis

Gastrojejunostomy

Pertaining to the lip

Labial

Visual examination of the abdomen

Laparoscopy

Pertaining to under the tongue

Sublingual

Pertaining to under the lower jaw

Submandibular

Dentist specializing in straightening teeth

Orthodontist

Dentist specializing in gums

Periodontist

Dentist specializing in operating within the tooth

Endodontist

Pertaining to the mouth

Oral

Surgical repair of the palate

Palatoplasty

Inflammation of the pancreas

Pancreatitis

Inflammation of the peritoneum

Peritonitis

Pertaining to the throat

Pharyngeal

Surgical repair of the palate and throat

Palatopharyngoplasty

Specialist in the anus and rectum

Proctologist

Surgical repair of the pyloric sphincter

Pyloroplasty

Hernia of the rectum

Rectocele

Inflammation of the salivary glands

Sialadenitis

Visual examination of the sigmoid colon

Sigmoidoscopy

Inflammation of the mouth

Stomatitis

Removal of the uvula

Uvulectomy

Enzyme that digests starch

Amylase

Pertaining to bile

Biliary

Excess bilirubin in the blood; jaundice

Hyperbillirubinemia

Abnormal condition of gallstones

Cholelithiasis

Lack of hydrochloric acid

Achlorhydria

Production of new sugar from proteins and fats (by the liver)

Gluconeogenesis

High blood sugar

Hyperglycemia

Breakdown of glycogen to form sugar

Glucogenolysis

Tumor of fat

Lipoma

Formation of a stone

Lithogenesis

Enzyme that digests protein

Protease

Salivary gland stone

Sialolith

Discharge of fats in feces

Steatorrhea

Enzyme to digest fats

Lipase

Bright red blood in the feces

Hematochezia

Condition of stones in the common bile duct

Choledocholithiasis

Pertaining to after meals

Postprandial