Chapter 5 Disease And Disease Producing Substances

Question 1

Pathology pathophysiology

Answer 1

Study of disease

Question 2

What is disease?

Answer 2

Abnormality of the structure or function of a part, organ, or system

Question 3

What are the seven categories of disease?

Answer 3

Infection
Degenerative disease 
Nutritional disorders
Metabolic disorders
Immune disorders
Neoplasms
Psychiatric disorders

Question 4

Degenerative disease

Answer 4

Disorders that breakdown tissues in the body

Question 5

Metabolic disorders

Answer 5

Include any disruption of cellular metabolism

Question 6

Neoplasm

Answer 6

Refers to cancer and other types of tumors

Question 7

Predisposing cause

Answer 7

A factor that is known to increase the probability that an individual will become ill
Some causes increase susceptibility to particular diseases

Question 8

Idiopathic

Answer 8

Diseases of unknown origin

Question 9

Latrogenic

Answer 9

Diseases due to adverse treatment effects

Example nausea from chemo

Question 10

Epidemiology

Answer 10

The study of diseases in entire populations, includes the occurrence, distribution, and transmission of diseases

Question 11

Incidence rate

Answer 11

Number of new cases within a population in a specific time frame population size

Question 12

Prevalence rate

Answer 12

Number of cases within a population in a specific time frame

Question 13

Mortality rate

Answer 13

Number of cases resulting in death in a specific time frame

Question 14

Communicable

Answer 14

Can be transmitted from one person to another

Question 15

Endemic

Answer 15

Disease found to a lesser extent but continuously

Question 16

Pandemic

Answer 16

Prevalent throughout an entire country, continent, or global

Question 17

Acute

Answer 17

Severe/short duration

Question 18

Chronic

Answer 18

Less severe/long duration

Question 19

Subacute

Answer 19

Between both

Question 20

Health promotion organizations

Answer 20

The WHO
Public health agency Canada (PHAC)
The CDC (centre for disease control of prevention)

Question 21

Parasites

Answer 21

Live on or within a host at their expense

Question 22

Host

Answer 22

An organism that houses a parasite

Question 23

Infection

Answer 23

Invasion by pathogens

Can be local or systemic

Question 24

Latent stage

Answer 24

No clinical signs are evident

Question 25

Incubation period

Answer 25

Time between exposure to the microorganisms and the onset of the signs or symptoms

Question 26

Prodromal period

Answer 26

Signs are nonspecific, but there are early signs enough where the person is aware of a change in the body Examples fatigue, loss of appetite, or headaches

Question 27

Normal flora

Answer 27

Finely tuned ecosystem (live in balance) Antibiotics can disrupt the balance of ecosystem

Question 28

Prions

Answer 28

``` Composed solely of protein Even smaller than viruses Slow growing and hard to destroy Produces spongy degeneration of brain tissue Creutzfeldt jakob disease in humans Mad cow ```

Question 29

Fungi

Answer 29

Few are pathogenic | Reproduces by cell division or by the production of spores

Question 30

Types of fungi

Answer 30

Yeasts single-celled forms of fungi | Moods fuzzy filamentous multicellular forms of fungi

Question 31

Mycotic infections

Answer 31

Diseases caused by fungi

Question 32

Examples of mycotic infections?

Answer 32

Ring shaped rash ringworm Tinea pedis 'athletes foot' Pneumonia

Question 33

Protozoa

Answer 33

Animal like single celled microbes found all over the world

Question 34

4 main types of Protozoa

Answer 34

Amebas, ciliates, flagellates, apicomplexans /sporozoa

Question 35

Examples of bacterial diseases

Answer 35

Bacterial pneumonia, anthrax, strep throat, urinary tract infection, syphilis

Question 36

Examples of viral diseases

Answer 36

Viral pneumonia, common cold, influenza, aids, west Nile

Question 37

Examples of fungal mycotic diseases

Answer 37

Oral thrush, aspergillosis(respiratory fungal infection)

Question 38

Examples of protozoal diseases

Answer 38

Amebic dysentery, African sleeping sickness, malaria, toxoplasmosis

Question 39

Types of sterilization

Answer 39

Autoclave, dry heat, chemical

Question 40

What are aseptic methods

Answer 40

Procedures that kill, remove, or prevent the growth of microbes

Question 41

Asepsis

Answer 41

A condition in which no pathogens are present

Question 42

Examples of disinfection

Answer 42

Chlorine compounds Phenol compounds Bactericide and germicide

Question 43

Antisepsis

Answer 43

Process in which pathogens are not necessarily killed but are prevented from multiplying to prevent infection

Question 44

Antiseptics

Answer 44

Are disinfectants that are safe to use on living tissues Example: safe to use on skin

Question 45

Antimicrobial agents

Answer 45

Drugs used to kill or inhibit infectious microorganisms