Review Of Chapters 1-4 Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
What are the 4 main tissue groups
A
Epithelial, connective,muscle, nervous
2
Q
Squamous
A
Flat and irregular
3
Q
Cuboidal
A
Square
4
Q
Columnar
A
Lang and narrow
5
Q
Simple
A
Single cell layer
Single cell layers allows materials to pass from one system to another
6
Q
Stratified
A
Mulitiple cell layers
Multiple cell layers provide protection in areas subject to wear and tear
7
Q
Pseudostratified
A
Appears multi layered but is not
8
Q
Transitional
A
Capable of great expansion and returning to its original shape
9
Q
Where could you find simple squamous cells
A
Capillary walls, lung alveoli
10
Q
Where could you find complex squamous cells
A
Outer layer of skin, lining o mouth, throat, anus, vagina
11
Q
Where could you find complex transitional cells
A
Lining of urinary bladder
12
Q
Stratified cuboidal
A
Multilayered
Secretes water and ions
13
Q
What epithelial tissue lines ducts of sweat gland
A
Stratified cuboidal
14
Q
Which gland has a duct
A
Exocrine
15
Q
Sweat glands, salivary, lacrimal are all examples of which type of gland?
A
Exocrine
16
Q
Which gland is ductless
A
Endocrine
17
Q
Which gland secrete hormones
A
Endocrine
Examples:adrenal, pituitary, thyroid
18
Q
Which gland pours secretion into surrounding tissue fluid for the bloodstream to bring to target tissues?
A
Endocrine
19
Q
What are different types of connective tissue
A
Circulating,generalized,loose,dense
20
Q
What is an example of circulating connective tissue
A
Blood lymph
21
Q
Function of generalized connective tissue
A
Provides support and protection
Tendons and ligaments
22
Q
Where would you find adipose
A
Padding around organs and joints under skin. Loose connective tissue
23
Q
Where would you find elastic cartilage
A
Larynx, epiglottis, outer ear
24
Q
What is inside the bone
A
Nerve, blood vessels, osteoblasts, and bone marrow, in which blood cells are developed
25
What is a nerve
Bundle of nerve fibers held together with connective tissue
26
Do neuroglia transmit nerve impulses
No
27
What is a benign Tumor
A Tumor that does not invade other tissues or spread to other sites.
Can cause harm depending on size and location compress vital tissues
28
What is malignant Tumor
Spreads to neighbouring tissues or different parts of body "metastasis"
Glioma-cancer of support tissue of brain or spinal cord
29
What does superior mean
Above
30
What does inferior mean
Below
31
What does ventral anterior mean
Towards the front of the body
32
What does dorsal posterior mean
Towards the back of the body
33
What does medial mean
Close to the midline of the body
34
What does lateral mean
Away from the midline of the body
35
What does proximal mean
Close to a structured point of origin
36
What does distal mean
Farther from a structures point of origin
37
What does cranial mean
Closer to the skull
38
What does caudal mean
Closer to the bottom of the body
39
What are the two main cavities the body is divided into
Dorsal and ventral
40
What are the subdivisions of the dorsal cavity
Cranial and spinal
41
What are the two subdivisions separated by the diaphragm in the ventral cavity
Thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity
42
What does the thoracic cavity consist of
Includes heart and lungs
43
What cavity does the pancreas and gallbladder belong too
Abdominal cavity
44
What is the order from smallest to largest of the body units
Atoms molecules, cell, tissue, organ,organ system
45
What is an electrolyte
Compounds that separate into ions when put in a solution
| The term electrolyte is also used to refer to ions present in bodily fluids
46
What are examples of electrolytes in body fluids
Sodium and potassium
47
How does electrolytes play an important role in diagnosing diseases?
Because ions (electrolytes) are charged particles in your body's fluid they conduct an electric current which we can measure a tissues activity
48
How does a covalent bond form
When two atoms share electrons to complete their energy levels to become stable
49
How does a ionic bond form
When one atom transfers electrons to another atom
50
What is the difference between ionic bond and covalent
Ionic transfers electrons between atoms and covalent shares them
51
A Ionic bonds usually have a weak bond and dissociate's into solutions, True or false?
True
52
Covalent bonds are have a strong bond and don't usually dissociate into solutions, true or false?
True
53
What is the difference between molecules and compounds?
A compound can be held together with an ionic or covalent bond while molecule is only a covalent.
Compounds also are always different atoms while a molecule could be two of the same atom
54
What is a base
Substance that shifts the H+ balance against hydrogen also known as alkaline
55
What is an acid
Substance that shifts the hydrogen balance in favour of hydrogen
56
In a PH scale is 2 acidic or more alkaline?
Acidic
57
If a solution has a high concentration of hydrogen ions is it more acidic or alkaline?
Acidic
58
What is normal PH level of the bodies fluid?
Normal ranges between 7.35 to 7.45
59
What is neutral on the PH scale
7
60
What are buffers in the body?
Chemicals that prevent sharp changes in hydrogen concentration
61
What are organic compounds?
Are compounds that characterize living things and contain carbon
62
What are three main types of organic compounds
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
63
What are three types of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides(glucose) disaccharides(ex: sucrose)
| Poly-saccharides( many glucose ex:starch)
64
What is the building block of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
65
What are lipids made from?
Glycerol
66
What are lipids in the body?
Fat
67
What are two types of lipids?
Phospholipids
| Cholesterol
68
What do phospholipids make up, or where can you find them?
Cell membranes
69
Is cholesterol a steroid?
Yes
70
Is cholesterol found in all membranes?
Yes
71
What are proteins?
Are the structural materials of the body, found in muscle, bone and connective tissue
72
What elements do all proteins contain?
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
| They may also contain sulfur or phosphorous
73
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
74
What is an enzyme?
Proteins that accelerate chemical reactions
| Essential in metabolism
75
Which body cavity contains the diaghram?
The ventral cavity
76
What do specialized groups of cells form?
Tissues
77
What does your pancreas do and what system does it belong too?
Endocrine system. It regulates the level of sugar in your blood
78
What does your parathyroid do?
Regulates calcium in the blood
79
What is homeostasis?
A state of internal balance within the body
80
What are the 3 stages of positive or negative feedback for homeostasis?
Sensor, control centre, and effector
81
What is anabolism?
Reactions that build substance up ( from simple forms to complex)
Often requires ATP
82
What are the two types of metabolism?
Catabolism and anabolism
83
What type of metabolism is used to form ATP?
Catabolism
84
What is the energy storing compound
ATP
85
What element is present in all proteins?
Nitrogen
86
What is an example of nucleus acids?
DNA an RNA
87
What is pinocytosis?
Engulfing droplets of fluid
88
What is endocytosis?
Movement of materials into the cell
89
What is exocytosis?
Movement of materials out of the cell
90
How many electrons does carbon have?
6
91
A positively charged atom?
Cation
92
A negatively charged atom?
Anion
93
Cartilage is considered to be which of the following tissues?
Structural connective tissue
94
Areoles tissue is what type?
Loose connective tissue
95
What is the name of the connective tissue connecting a muscle to a bone?
Tendon
96
What is an example of a serous membrane?
Pleura
97
What is another term for Tumor?
Neoplasm
98
What are two examples of bulk transport?
Endocytosis and exocytosis
99
Sarcoma is what type of Tumor?
Malignant
100
What is the term to describe underside of tongue?
Ventral
101
What is the Golgi apparatus
Makes mucous and sorts things to be exported ( like a post office)
102
Where does translation occur in the cell or protein synthesis?
RER
103
What is a centriole
Rod shaped required for cell division
104
Vesicle
Bubbles used to store and transport materials in and out of a cell
105
What is the main differences between DNA RNA?
DNA: double stranded, neucliotides, adenine, thymine, cytosine guanine
RNA single strand adenine uracil cytosine guanine
106
What are the stages of mitosis?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
107
Define stem cells
Unspecialized cells that become specialized cells
108
What are the different types of stem cells?
Adult and embryonic
109
What kind of connective tissue is cells in a liquid matrix.
Circulating
110
What tissue can be areoles or adipose
Generalized connective tissue
111
What are two examples of structural connective tissue?
Bone and cartilage
