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Anatomy And Phy > Week 6 The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Week 6 The Integumentary System Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Largest organ of the body

A

Skin

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2
Q

What are the two primary layers of the skin

A

Epidermis, dermis

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of epidermis

A

Outermost portion, comprised entirely of stratified squamous epithelial cells
Contains no blood vessels (avascular)

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4
Q

What kind of epithelial the epidermis have?

A

Stratified squamous

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5
Q

What supports the dermis and lay underneath it?

A

Subcutaneous layer

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6
Q

Cyanosis

A

When skin colour bluish grey. Indicates decreased blood oxygen level

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7
Q

Vitiligo

A

Patchy light skin areas resulting from acquired loss of epidermal melanocytes
Increased skin pigmentation caused by hormonal changes in pregnant women

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8
Q

Freckles

A

Small, flat Macules common normal skin pigment variation

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9
Q

Characteristics of the dermis

A

Composed of connective tissue, cells are scattered far apart with fibers in between: collagen & elastic fibers
Contains accessory structures: hair follicles, sebaceous and sudoriferous glands, sensory receptors
Deeper &a thicker of the two primary skin layers, thickness can vary

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10
Q

Dermal papillae

A

Portions of the dermis that extend up into the epidermis

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11
Q

What forms a distinct pattern of ridges on the surface of thick skin example the skin in your fingers toes prevents slipping

A

Dermal papillae

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12
Q

What is the purpose or function of the dermis?

A

Protection, nourishment of the epidermis, skin elasticity, sensory perception

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13
Q

Where is the subcutaneous layer located?

A

Beneath dermis

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14
Q

Composed of loose connective tissue with large amounts of adipose tissue, has blood vessels and nerve endings. The thickness varies.

A

Subcutaneous layer

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15
Q

What is the function of the subcutaneous layer.

A

Connects skin to underlying muscle.
Insulation,
temperature regulation,
sensory perception

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16
Q

What are some accessory structures of the skin and what is their primary function

A

Sebaceous oil glands
Sudoriferous glands
Hair
Nails

To protect the skin

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17
Q

What are 4 types of glands?

A 
Sebaceous (oil) glands 
Meibomian glands
Sudoriferous (sweat) glands 
Eccrine 
Apocrine glands
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18
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Saclike glands associated with hair follicles
Found everywhere except lips, palms of hand and sole of feet
Exocrine gland
Ducts may darken to form blackheads
Acne Vulgaris

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19
Q

What is the function of the sebaceous (oil) glands

A

Secrete sebum, an oily substance that lubricates skin and hair, and prevents drying
Regulated by sex hormones

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20
Q

Meibomian glands

A

Associated with the eyelashs

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21
Q

What is the function of the meibomian glands?

A

Lubricates the eyes

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22
Q

Coiled glands that vent directly to the skin surface or through hair follicles

A

Sudoriferous (sweat) glands

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23
Q

What is the function of the sudoriferous (sweat) gland

A

Assists body with thermoregulation

Eliminate wastes such as salts

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24
Q

Eccrine gland

A

Most numerous, important and widespread

Function throughout life and assist in body heat regulation

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25
Mainly in armpits & groin area, also in areole of the breats
Apocrine glands
26
What is he function of the apocrine gland
Becomes active during puberty responds to emotional stress & sexual stimulation secretes a more viscous substance, has odour
27
Alopecia
Hair loss
28
Arrector pili
Specialized smooth muscle that produces goose bumps and causes hair to stand up straight
29
Where are modified sudoriferous (sweat) glands located
Ear canal Edges of eyelids Ciliary glands Mammary glands breasts Produces earwax cerumen
30
What is the crescent shaped area nearest root called?
Lunula
31
What is the purpose/function of the integumentary system?
Protection:first line of defence Protection against dehydration (drying) Regulation of body temperature Collection of sensory information
32
Does skin prevent water loss by evaporation?
Yes It forms a boundary that encloses body fluids & limits water loss
33
Is the brain involved in regulating body temperature
Yes
34
What are some mechanisms that the skin uses to regulate the temperature of the skin?
Regulation of sweat secretion Regulation of flow of blood close to the body surface
35
What is the chief sensory organs of the body
Skin The skin has many nerve endings and other special receptors that serve as receivers for the body, keeping it informed of changes in its environment Free nerve endings Tactile receptors Deep pressure receptors
36
Free nerve endings
Detect pain and temperature changes
37
Melanin
The degree of brown pigment in the skin indicates excess (tanning) or absent (albinism vitiligo)
38
Carotenoderm
Yellow/red skin discoloration Think of a carrot
39
Carotenemia
Excess carotene in blood | Skin pigment obtained from vegetables (orange/yellow)
40
Bike pigments
Yellowish skin due to excess of bile pigments 'bilirubin'
41
Jaundice
Reflecting impaired hepatic function, gallbladder problems, and or excess hemolysis
42
Jaundice may be a symptom of the following
A tumour pressing on the bile duct, or a stone within the duct Inflammation of the liver Certain diseases of the blood in which red blood cells are rapidly destroyed Immaturity of the liver
43
Macule
Flat and discoloured neither raised or depressed
44
Papule
Small firm raised lesions. A large firm papule is called a nodule
45
Vesicle
Bulla blister or small fluid filled sac
46
Pustule
Pus filled lesion/ vesicle. Infected vesicle
47
Plaque
Large slightly elevated lesion with flat surface, often topped by scale
48
Cicatrix
Scar, new CT from within wound
49
Keloid
Raised irregular, Tumor-like masses of collagen resulting from excessive scar tissue formation
50
Excoriation
Scratch of the skin surface
51
Laceration
Rough, jagged wound, made by tearing of the skin
52
Ulcer
Crater like lesion sore associated with disintegration and death of tissue
53
Fissure
Deep crack or break in the skin
54
Pressure ulcers
Skin lesions that appear where the body rests on skin that covers bony projections Also known as decubitus ulcers or bedsores
55
Superficial 1st degree burns
Surface layers of the epidermis only Skin is red dry Minimal pain Example mild sunburn
56
Superficial partial thickness 2 bs degree burns
Deep epidermis and part of the dermis Tissue is red blistered and painful Heals readily without scarring Severe sunburn, scalding
57
Deep partial thickness 2nd degree burns
Characterized by complete destruction of the epidermis and dermis Tissue may be blistered with a weeping surface or dry due to sweat gland damage Less painful than superficial burns due to nerve damage intense pain is expirenced soon thereafter Scalding, exposure to flame, or hot grease
58
Full thickness 3rd degree burns
Involves the full skin,& sometimes the subcutaneous tissue and underlying tissue (muscle bone) Tissue is broken, dry, and pale or charred May require surgery to relieve pressure caused by tissue shrinkage or skin grafting
59
Squamous cell carcinoma
The most common type characterized by hard, raised tumors
60
Basal cell carcinoma
Characterized by papule a with a central crater rarely spreads
61
Melanoma
Malignancy in a Nevus (mole) the most serious type | Asymmetrical, irregular, or indistinct in shape, unevenly coloured, larger than 6mm
62
Can skin infections be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi
Yes
63
Impetigo
Bacteria skin infection | Highly contagious staphylococcal or streptococcal infection
64
Warts
Viral infection | Usually benign neoplasm caused by papillomavirus
65
Herpes simple virus
Formation of watery vesicles( cold sores, fever blisters) on the skin and mucous membranes (type1) the genital area (type 2)
66
Tinea
Fungal infection there are several forms
67
Dermatitis
Inflammation of the skin | Redness, heat, and itching
68
What are some inflammatory skin disorders?
Dermatitis Urticaria Eczema
69
Urticaria
Hives Allergic reaction, ingested or touched Temporary appearance of elevated red patches
70
Eczema
Common inflammatory condition characterized by papules, vesicles, and crusts not a disease itself but a symptom of an underlying condition Can result from contact dermatitis
71
What are some examples of chronic inflammatory disorders
Lupus erythematosus Systemic sclerosis Psoriasis
72
Lupus erythematosus
Autoimmune disease of CT | Rough raised, violet tinted papules, usually on face and scalp only
73
Systemic sclerosis
Scleroderma Unknown cause, autoimmune disease of vessels and CT Thickening of the skin Severe cases: lack of facial expression
74
Psoriasis
Chronic inflammatory condition accompanied by silvery scales Genetic unknown cause autoimmune

Anatomy And Phy (7 decks)

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