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Developmental Psychology > Chapter 5 Early Childhood: Body and Mind > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Early Childhood: Body and Mind Flashcards

1
Q

BMI is what between 2-6

A

lowest that it ever will

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2
Q

where does the center of gravity go

A

moves from breast bone down to belly button

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3
Q

what does a lower center of gravity allow you to do

A

allows you to figure out different things with your body such as exercise

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4
Q

children in food insecure households are more likely as adults to

A

overeat when not hungry

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5
Q

in low income family cultures parents tend to guard against undernutrition and rely on

A

fast foods

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6
Q

low income family cultures are more vulnerable to

A

obesity

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7
Q

how many children have food allergies

A

10%

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8
Q

what is the most common food allergies

A

milk
eggs
peanuts
tree nuts
soy
wheat
shellfish

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9
Q

the brain reaches 90 percent of adult weight by age

A

6

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10
Q

what development contributes to increase weight of the brain

A

myelin

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11
Q

what is myelination

A

fatty coating on axons that protects and speeds signals between neurons

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12
Q

axons organize strucure of

A

network connectivity

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13
Q

hemispheres

A

half of the brain

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14
Q

what side of the brain controls the left side of your body

A

right

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15
Q

corpus callosum

A

very center of brain
thick band on axons

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16
Q

lateralization

A

certain functions on one side
Left side= speech/language
right side = creativity

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17
Q

when does the prefrontal cortex mature

A

2-6 years old

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18
Q

what does it mean when the prefrontal cortex is more mature

A

sleep becomes regular
emotions become more responsive
temper tantrums decrease
uncontrollable laugher/tears are less common

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19
Q

neurons have two types of impulses

A

activate (on)
inhibit (off)

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20
Q

inhibition

A

off

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21
Q

limbic system controls

A

emotion

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22
Q

impulsivity

A

act without thinking

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23
Q

perseveration

A

getting stuck on one thought or action

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24
Q

stress has an impact on

A

brain and development

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25
Q

what type of thinking happens during preoperations

A

precausual reasoning

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26
Q

what is included in pre causal reasoning

A

symbolic thought

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27
Q

is logic attainable at preoperationation stage

A

no

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28
Q

animism

A

believe that inanimate objects have human properties

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29
Q

centeration

A

focus on a single salient aspect of an object
(EX: your father is not a son)

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30
Q

egocentrism

A

see world only from owns point of view
cannot understand both roles
(EX: buying a gift you like for your mom)

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31
Q

lack of conservation

A

does not understand that properties of an object remain the same even though apperence have been altered

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32
Q

static reasoning

A

nothing changes

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33
Q

irreversibility

A

nothing can be undone
(cheese on a sandwich)

34
Q

if you have a short and wide cup and a tall and narrow cup, what cup will children think have more

A

tall one

35
Q

children learn through guided participation with

A

mentors

36
Q

who can be a mentor

A

parent, teacher, sibling

37
Q

what do mentors do

A

present challenges
offer assistance
provide informaiton
encourage motivation

38
Q

zone of proximal development

A

term for skills that a person can exercise only with assistance not yet idndependent

39
Q

scaffolding

A

temporary support that is tailored to a learners needs and abilities and aimed at helping the learned master the next task in a given learning process

40
Q

overimitation

A

person imitates an action that is not relevant part of the behavior to be learned

41
Q

Piaget emphasized

A

immaturity

42
Q

vgotsky stressed

A

power of social context

43
Q

both vgosky and piget did what

A

appreciated curiosity
extaordianary langiage developmet

44
Q

private speech

A

involves internal dialouge

45
Q

what is nor necessarily taught in school but we still learn parts

A

STEM

46
Q

what is theory of mind

A

theory of what other people might be thinking

47
Q

what is required from both theorists for theory of mind

A

maturation
social experience

48
Q

executive function

A

cognitive ability to organize and prioritize many thoughts

49
Q

what is executive function comprised in

A

working memory
cognitive flexibility
inhibitory control

50
Q

is language learning critical or sensitive

A

sensitive

51
Q

how many words does a 6 year old know

A

10,000

52
Q

between 2 and 6 how many words do they learn everyday

A

6

53
Q

fast mapping

A

placement of new things in mental categories according to their perceived meaning

54
Q

logical extension

A

occurs when children use a word to describe other objects in the same category
(Dalmatian cow)

55
Q

code switch

A

switch languages mid sentence because they cannot remember the word in the language they were previously speaking

56
Q

overregulation

A

application of rules like grammar even when exceptions occur
(EX: runned)

57
Q

pragmatics

A

adjusting communication to audience and context

58
Q

when is the best time to learn a new language

A

early childhood

59
Q

watering two languages before 6 seems to contribute to

A

lifelong neurological benefits

60
Q

language shift

A

someone becoming more fluent in the school language then the home language

61
Q

code focused teaching

A

sounds
phonics

62
Q

book reading

A

develop vocabulary and print awarness

63
Q

parent education

A

encourage cognition

64
Q

language enhance meant

A

help expand vocabulary in the zone of proximal development

65
Q

low cost may be

A

low quality

66
Q

high cost does it mean high quality

A

not necessarily

67
Q

what type of program encourages creativity

A

child centered

68
Q

what type of program prepares for formal education

A

teacher directed

69
Q

what type of program prepares low SES children for first grade

A

intervention

70
Q

example of child directed program

A

montessori

71
Q

teacher directed programs stress

A

academic subjects

72
Q

current goals of intervention programs

A

now teacher directed

73
Q

what type of impact comes from interventional prgrams

A

positive

74
Q

early childhood education does what

A

reduces the risk of later problems, needing special education

increase likelihood that a child will become a law abiding adult

75
Q

fear is related to what structure

A

amygdala

76
Q

focus on apperence

A

exclusion of other attributes

77
Q

who came up with social learning

A

vygotsky

78
Q

children who are more likely to tell the truth have less experience with

A

being punished for lying

79
Q

flexibility

A

ability to see things from another perspective

80
Q

working memory

A

what can easily be brought to the mind

81
Q
A

Developmental Psychology (13 decks)

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