Chapter 5 Early Childhood: Body and Mind

Question 1

BMI is what between 2-6

Answer 1

lowest that it ever will

Question 2

where does the center of gravity go

Answer 2

moves from breast bone down to belly button

Question 3

what does a lower center of gravity allow you to do

Answer 3

allows you to figure out different things with your body such as exercise

Question 4

children in food insecure households are more likely as adults to

Answer 4

overeat when not hungry

Question 5

in low income family cultures parents tend to guard against undernutrition and rely on

Answer 5

fast foods

Question 6

low income family cultures are more vulnerable to

Answer 6

obesity

Question 7

how many children have food allergies

Answer 7

10%

Question 8

what is the most common food allergies

Answer 8

milk
eggs
peanuts
tree nuts
soy
wheat
shellfish

Question 9

the brain reaches 90 percent of adult weight by age

Answer 9

6

Question 10

what development contributes to increase weight of the brain

Answer 10

myelin

Question 11

what is myelination

Answer 11

fatty coating on axons that protects and speeds signals between neurons

Question 12

axons organize strucure of

Answer 12

network connectivity

Question 13

hemispheres

Answer 13

half of the brain

Question 14

what side of the brain controls the left side of your body

Answer 14

right

Question 15

corpus callosum

Answer 15

very center of brain
thick band on axons

Question 16

lateralization

Answer 16

certain functions on one side
Left side= speech/language
right side = creativity

Question 17

when does the prefrontal cortex mature

Answer 17

2-6 years old

Question 18

what does it mean when the prefrontal cortex is more mature

Answer 18

sleep becomes regular
emotions become more responsive
temper tantrums decrease
uncontrollable laugher/tears are less common

Question 19

neurons have two types of impulses

Answer 19

activate (on)
inhibit (off)

Question 20

inhibition

Answer 20

off

Question 21

limbic system controls

Answer 21

emotion

Question 22

impulsivity

Answer 22

act without thinking

Question 23

perseveration

Answer 23

getting stuck on one thought or action

Question 24

stress has an impact on

Answer 24

brain and development

Question 25

what type of thinking happens during preoperations

Answer 25

precausual reasoning

Question 26

what is included in pre causal reasoning

Answer 26

symbolic thought

Question 27

is logic attainable at preoperationation stage

Answer 27

no

Question 28

animism

Answer 28

believe that inanimate objects have human properties

Question 29

centeration

Answer 29

focus on a single salient aspect of an object (EX: your father is not a son)

Question 30

egocentrism

Answer 30

see world only from owns point of view cannot understand both roles (EX: buying a gift you like for your mom)

Question 31

lack of conservation

Answer 31

does not understand that properties of an object remain the same even though apperence have been altered

Question 32

static reasoning

Answer 32

nothing changes

Question 33

irreversibility

Answer 33

nothing can be undone (cheese on a sandwich)

Question 34

if you have a short and wide cup and a tall and narrow cup, what cup will children think have more

Answer 34

tall one

Question 35

children learn through guided participation with

Answer 35

mentors

Question 36

who can be a mentor

Answer 36

parent, teacher, sibling

Question 37

what do mentors do

Answer 37

present challenges offer assistance provide informaiton encourage motivation

Question 38

zone of proximal development

Answer 38

term for skills that a person can exercise only with assistance not yet idndependent

Question 39

scaffolding

Answer 39

temporary support that is tailored to a learners needs and abilities and aimed at helping the learned master the next task in a given learning process

Question 40

overimitation

Answer 40

person imitates an action that is not relevant part of the behavior to be learned

Question 41

Piaget emphasized

Answer 41

immaturity

Question 42

vgotsky stressed

Answer 42

power of social context

Question 43

both vgosky and piget did what

Answer 43

appreciated curiosity extaordianary langiage developmet

Question 44

private speech

Answer 44

involves internal dialouge

Question 45

what is nor necessarily taught in school but we still learn parts

Answer 45

STEM

Question 46

what is theory of mind

Answer 46

theory of what other people might be thinking

Question 47

what is required from both theorists for theory of mind

Answer 47

maturation social experience

Question 48

executive function

Answer 48

cognitive ability to organize and prioritize many thoughts

Question 49

what is executive function comprised in

Answer 49

working memory cognitive flexibility inhibitory control

Question 50

is language learning critical or sensitive

Answer 50

sensitive

Question 51

how many words does a 6 year old know

Answer 51

10,000

Question 52

between 2 and 6 how many words do they learn everyday

Answer 52

6

Question 53

fast mapping

Answer 53

placement of new things in mental categories according to their perceived meaning

Question 54

logical extension

Answer 54

occurs when children use a word to describe other objects in the same category (Dalmatian cow)

Question 55

code switch

Answer 55

switch languages mid sentence because they cannot remember the word in the language they were previously speaking

Question 56

overregulation

Answer 56

application of rules like grammar even when exceptions occur (EX: runned)

Question 57

pragmatics

Answer 57

adjusting communication to audience and context

Question 58

when is the best time to learn a new language

Answer 58

early childhood

Question 59

watering two languages before 6 seems to contribute to

Answer 59

lifelong neurological benefits

Question 60

language shift

Answer 60

someone becoming more fluent in the school language then the home language

Question 61

code focused teaching

Answer 61

sounds phonics

Question 62

book reading

Answer 62

develop vocabulary and print awarness

Question 63

parent education

Answer 63

encourage cognition

Question 64

language enhance meant

Answer 64

help expand vocabulary in the zone of proximal development

Question 65

low cost may be

Answer 65

low quality

Question 66

high cost does it mean high quality

Answer 66

not necessarily

Question 67

what type of program encourages creativity

Answer 67

child centered

Question 68

what type of program prepares for formal education

Answer 68

teacher directed

Question 69

what type of program prepares low SES children for first grade

Answer 69

intervention

Question 70

example of child directed program

Answer 70

montessori

Question 71

teacher directed programs stress

Answer 71

academic subjects

Question 72

current goals of intervention programs

Answer 72

now teacher directed

Question 73

what type of impact comes from interventional prgrams

Answer 73

positive

Question 74

early childhood education does what

Answer 74

reduces the risk of later problems, needing special education increase likelihood that a child will become a law abiding adult

Question 75

fear is related to what structure

Answer 75

amygdala

Question 76

focus on apperence

Answer 76

exclusion of other attributes

Question 77

who came up with social learning

Answer 77

vygotsky

Question 78

children who are more likely to tell the truth have less experience with

Answer 78

being punished for lying

Question 79

flexibility

Answer 79

ability to see things from another perspective

Question 80

working memory

Answer 80

what can easily be brought to the mind