Chapter 6 Early Childhood: The Social World Flashcards
(140 cards)
1
Q
emotional regulation
A
ability to control when and how emotions are expressed
2
Q
when is emotional regulation developed
A
3 and 5
3
Q
what is goal of emotional regulation
A
regulation
NOT removal of emotions
4
Q
emotional intelligence
A
ability to use ones own and others emotions effectively for solving problems and involves both perceiving emotions accurately and regulating ones emotions
5
Q
Trust vs mistrust age
A
0-1
6
Q
what happens during trust and mistrust
A
either develop trust that others will provide care, be consistent and responsive, or develop mistrust about others
7
Q
autonomy vs shame and doubt age
A
1-3
8
Q
what happens during autonomy vs shame and doubt
A
either become self sufficient in many things like feeding, talking, toileting, walking, exploring, or doubt their own abilities and feel shameful
9
Q
initiative vs guilt age
A
3-5
10
Q
what happens in initiative vs guilt
A
children undertake new skills and activities and feel guilty when they do not succeed at them
11
Q
what protects young children from guilt and shame and encourages learning
A
optimistic self concept
12
Q
ACE stand for
A
adverse childhood experiences
13
Q
motivation
A
involves impulse that propels someone to act
14
Q
intrinsic motivation
A
comes from within
15
Q
extrinsic motivation
A
16
Q
are grades instrisinc or extrinsic
A
extrinsic
17
Q
is reinforcement/punishment intrinsic or extrinsic
A
extrinsic
18
Q
what’s the most productive and enjoyable activity that children undertake
A
play
19
Q
stages of play
A
solitary
onlooker
parallel
associative
cooperative
20
Q
solitary play
A
a child plays alone, unaware of other children playing nearby
21
Q
onlooker play
A
child watches other children play
22
Q
parallel play
A
children play in similar ways but not together
23
Q
associative play
A
children interact, sharing materials or acitivies but not taking turns
24
Q
cooperative play
A
children play together, creating dramas or taking turns
25
what does play look like now since COVID
less active play and more screen time
26
what does increase screen time cause
reduction in conversion, imagination, and exercise
obesity, emotional immaturity, less intellectual growth
27
COVID led to increase in
screen time
28
young children learn best from
peers
29
technological play
when technology is used a social actviity
30
rough and tumble play
mimics aggression through wrestling, chasing, or hitting with no intention to harm
31
sociodramtic play
pretend
make believe
role playing
32
baumrinds dimensions and styles
*expressions of warmth
*strategies for discipline
communication
expectations for maturity
33
parenting styles vary within
nations, ethnic groups, neighborhoods
34
4 types of parenting
Authoritarian
permissive
authoritative
neglectful
35
authoritarian parenting
high behavioral standards
strict punishment
little communication
36
authoritarian parenting
- demandingness
high
37
authoritarian parenting
- involvement/warmth
low
38
authoritarian parenting
- stress what to authority
obedience
39
permissive
- high what
nurturance and communication
40
permissive
- little
discipline
guidance
control
41
permissive
-involmenent
high
42
permissive
- control
little
43
authoritative parenting
parents set limits and enforce rules but are flexible and listen to their children
44
authoritative parenting
- control
high
45
authoritative parenting
- warmness
high
46
authoritative parenting
- do what with rules
explain them
47
authoritative parenting
- standards for childs behavior
high
48
neglectful/uninvolved/indifferent
child behavior ignored or not noticed by parent
49
neglectful/uninvolved/indifferent
- do parents care
NO
50
neglectful/uninvolved/indifferent
- warmness
little
51
neglectful/uninvolved/indifferent
- control
little
52
long term effects of authoritarian
obedient/quite but not happy
guilty/depressed
53
children of what type of parenting style are more at risk for mental health and drug use
authoritarian
54
long term effects of permissive
lack self control
inadequate emotional regulation
55
long term effects of authoritative
successful, happy, independent
less depression, anxiety, drug use
56
long term effects of neglectful/uninvolved parents
immature, sad, lonely
difficulty self regulating emotions
risk for abuse
57
consequences that follow an action will
either increase or decrease the likelihood that the action will be repeated
58
if the behavior is followed by pleasant/desired consequences
it is more likely to occur again
59
behavior is followed by unpleasant/undesired consequences
it is less likely to occur again
60
positive reinforcement
add a consequence after an action that the child finds pleasant
EX: try new foods and get a treat
61
extinction
remove a desirable or pleaurable consequence
EX: taking away phone
time out
62
punishment
adding unpleasant consequence
EX: spanking
63
negative reinforcement
removal of an unpleasant event to strengthen a behvaior
EX: teacher removes homework
64
8 year old was supposed to clean room and didn't, the father made him spend all weekend cleaning
punishment
65
what makes a behavior more likely to occur again
reinforcement
66
most often discipline focuses on
reducing or eliminating unwanted behaviors
67
punishment is determined by
culture
parenting syle
child behavior
68
physical (corporal) punishment
discipline techniques that hurt the body of someone, from spanking to serious harm to including death
69
when is punishment most effective
immediate
consistent
informative
admninistered by someone who child has a warm reelaitonshp with
70
is US child discipline depends more on
region/ethnicity
71
where is punishment
more frequent
south
mothers
conservative Christians
African americans
low SES families
72
physical punishment
- obedience
increased temporarily
73
physical punishment
- later aggression, bullying, abuse
increased
74
if children are upset by punishment
they may not understand the purpose
75
children who are not spanked are more likely to develop
self control
76
psychological control
threatening to withdraw love
77
time out
separated from other people and actives for a specified time
78
induction
parent tries to get the child to understand why a certain behavior was wrong
* LISTEN NOT LECTURE
79
gender differences are differences in male and female
roles, behavior, clothes
80
where do gender differences arise from
society
*NOT BIOLOGY
81
most children develop identities by age
4
82
children identifies are quite rigid by
6
83
despite parental encouragement to dismiss stereotypes you children still prefer what toys
strong gender based toy preferences
84
prosocial behavior develops into
empathy
85
antisocial actions
antipathy
86
aggression types (4)
instrumental
reactive
relational
bullying
87
instrumental aggression
aimed at getting something
88
reactive aggression
impulsive retaliation for a hurt
89
relational aggression
non physical acts designed to harm relationships
90
bullying aggression
unprovoked physical or verbal attacks
91
avoidable injury
harm reduction/injury control
92
levels of prevention
primary prevention
secondary
tertiary
93
primary prevention
change overall background conditions to prevent
94
secondary prevention
avert harm in a high risk situation
95
tertiary prevention
actions such as immediate and effective medical treatment, after an adverse event
96
who is more likely to be seriously hurt?
younger children
97
why are younger children more likely to be seriously hurt
impulses are uninhibited
families overestimate what young children understand
98
lead is especially destructive of the
brains of fetuses, infants, and young children
99
child maltreatment refers to
intentional harm to avoidable endangerment
100
is child maltreatment rare or sudden
not rare or sudden
101
who is more likely to contribute to child maltreatment
parents
102
child abuse
deliberate action that is harmful to a childs physical, emotional, or sexual well being
103
reported maltreatment
harm or engagement about which someone has notified the authorities
104
substantiated maltreatment
harm or engagement that has been reported, investigated and verified
105
the 5:1 ratio of reported vs substantiated cases occur because
each child is counted only once
substantiation requires proof
mandated reports
some reports are screened out
some reports are false
106
are the consequences of maltreatment long term
yes
107
mistreated/neglected children qualities
less friendly
more aggressive
more isolated
experience greater social deficits
enduring ecumenic consequences
108
3 categories of ACE's
abuse of child
neglect
household dysfunction
109
what effect of ACE's
multiplier effect
110
what impact does ACE's
psychosocial
- self esteem
- mental health
- physical/health
111
ACE's cause double the rate of
deadly diseases including, cancer, heart disease
112
ACE's cause six times the rate of
sexual abuse, mental illness, substance abuse, self inflicted harm
113
controlling the expression of feelings called
emotional regulation
114
postponement of gratification is a sign of
maturity
115
if an extrinsic reward is removed the behavior may stop unless it has become a
habit
116
imaginary friends
- intrinsic or extrinsic
intrinsic
117
neglectful vs permissive
neglectful do not care
permissive care very much
118
are sex differences innate or cultural
innate
gender is cultural
119
intersex
not disctinctly male or female
120
are female and male opposites
no, due to gender binary
121
gender similaires hypothesis
idea that our human emphasis on sex differences blinds to the reality that the sexes have far more in common
122
empathy
understanding of other peoples feelings and concerns
123
empathy depends on
experiences and brain maturation
124
empathy leads to
prosocial behavior
125
antipathy can lead to
antisocial actions
126
antisocial behavior indicates less
empathy
127
injury control
the impact of an injury can be limited
128
harm reduction
harm can be minimal
129
sidewalks
stop lights
pedestrian overpasses
street lights
traffic circles
primary
130
crossing guards
flashing lights on school buses
salt on icy roads
warning signs before blind curves
speed bumps
secondary
131
speedy ambulances
efficient ER
follow up care
laws against hit and run
tertiary
132
golden hour
the hour following an accident in which a victim should be treated
133
what system is the most important one
macrosystem
134
can child maltreatment be abuse
yes
135
what effect does ACE have
multiplier
136
permanency planning
planning how to nurture the child until adulthood
137
foster care
another adult is the caregiver for years
138
noticing and reporting is what prevention level
secondary
139
what prevention limits harm after injury has occurred
tertiary
140
