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RTE 1041 - Radiographic Equipment & Imaging I > Chapter 5 - Electromagnetic Waves > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Electromagnetic Waves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of waves, and in which direction does each displace the medium?

Book

A
  • transverse (perpendicular)
  • longitudinal / compressional (parallel)
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2
Q

What are the 4 measurable characteristics of waves?

Book

A
  1. Speed
  2. Amplitude
  3. Wavelength
  4. Frequency
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3
Q

What is the maximum displacement of a medium from its equilibrium position called?

Book

A

AMPLITUDE
(intensity/strength)

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4
Q

What happens to amplitude as waves spread out from their source?

Book

A

It diminishes following the INVERSE SQUARE LAW

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5
Q

What is the distance between two points at the same interval of a wave called? (trough-trough, crest-crest etc.)

Book

A

WAVELENGTH

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6
Q

What is one completion of the wave form before it repeats itself called?

Book

A

A CYCLE

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7
Q

A cycle consists of 1 positive and 1 negative …

Book

A

PULSE

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8
Q

What is the number of cycles that passes by a given point in 1 second called?

Book

A

FREQUENCY

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9
Q

What is the wave formula?

Book

A

v = fλ
velocity(m/s) = frequency(Hz) x wavelength(m)

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10
Q

What is the electromagnetic wave formula?

Book

A

c = fλ
the speed of light(m/s) = frequency(Hz) x wavelength(m)

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11
Q

What is the speed of light?

Book

A

3×10^8 m/s

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12
Q

What is the planck formula?

Book

A

E=hf

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13
Q

What is the value for planck’s constant?

Book

A

4.15 x 10^-15 volt-seconds (book)
6.626 x 10^-34 J/s (powerpoint)

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14
Q

What is the factor for conversion of voltage to wavelength?

Book

A

kV = 12.4 / λ
λ = 12.4 / kV

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15
Q

How does the fact that frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional allow us to adapt Planck’s formula?

Book

A

E= h / λ
λ = h/ E

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16
Q

What is the type of movement of a particle that generates a magnetic field even when the particle may appear stationary

Book

A

SPIN

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17
Q

If the wavelength of a homogeneous beam of x-rays was reduced to one-half the original wavelength, exactly how would the number of waves striking you per second change?

Review

A

IF THE WAVELENGTH IS HALVED, THE FREQUENCY IS DOUBLED

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18
Q

The source of electromagnetic waves is a vibrating or oscillating

Review

A

ELECTRICAL CHARGE

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19
Q

Which electromagnetic radiation has an energy of 2 to 3 volts?

Review

A

VISIBLE LIGHT

20
Q

Which electromagnetic radiation has a wavelength about the width of your smallest finger nail?

Review

A

MICROWAVES

21
Q

A body tissue which allows most x-rays to penetrate through it is described in one word as:

Review

A

RADIOLUCENT

22
Q

Sonography (ultrasound) images are made possible because when the sound waves reach an interface, they ____, a characteristic which x-rays do not share.

Review

A

REFLECT AS AN ECHO

23
Q

What are the three required components for every laser?

Review

A
  • MEDIUM
  • POWER/PUMPING SOURCE
  • RESONANT CAVITY
24
Q

The electrical wave and the magnetic wave components of an x-ray are always ____ to each other.

Review

A

PERPENDICULAR

25
What two terms describe the random refraction and reflection which ultrasound waves undergo when they encounter an air pocket? ## Footnote Review
DIFFUSION/SCATTERING
26
Experiments confirm that electrons have a wave function because two beams of electrons can ____ with each other ## Footnote Review
INTERFERE
27
Visible light behaves like ____ in most circumstances, whereas x-rays behave like ____ in most circumstances. ## Footnote Review
WAVES / PARTICLES
28
What are the two types of radiation? ## Footnote Powerpoint
- electromagnetic - particulate
29
What is electromagnetic radiation? ## Footnote Powerpoint
An electric and magnetic disturbance traveling through space at the speed of light
30
Describe Wave-Particle Duality ## Footnote Quiz
Wave-particle duality states that while all energies within the electromagnetic spectrum are waveforms, at high enough energies they can also act as particles
31
Who is James Maxwell and what did he do? ## Footnote Powerpoint
developed EM theory - all EM radiation: - has no mass - travels at the speed of light - carries energy in waves as disturbances in space
32
List the different types of EM radiation from low energy to high energy ## Footnote Powerpoint
- RADIO WAVES - MICROWAVES - INFRARED - VISIBLE LIGHT - ULTRAVIOLET - X-RAYS - GAMMA RAYS
33
What is the difference between mechanical and EM energy? ## Footnote Powerpoint
mechanical energy requires a medium to travel - EM can travel through a vacuum
34
Long wavelengths have ____ frequency and energy ## Footnote Powerpoint
LOW
35
Short wavelengths have ____ frequency and energy ## Footnote Powerpoint
HIGH
36
What is the inverse square law? ## Footnote Powerpoint
intensity of EM radiation diminishes over distance by a factor of the square of the distance from the source I1/I2 = (d2)^2/(d1)^2
37
What is half-life? ## Footnote Powerpoint
the time it takes for one-half of the atoms in a radioactive element to decay
38
What are alpha particles ## Footnote Powerpoint
- 2 protons + 2 neutrons - easily pick up electrons to make helium atoms - dangerous if inhaled
39
What are beta particles? ## Footnote Powerpoint
- neutron decays into a proton and a beta particle (-1 charge like an electron) - bonds with other atoms to reach stability
40
What is natural frequency? ## Footnote Book
resonant frequency to which a specific substance is "tuned"
41
How does MRI work? ## Footnote Book
- bursts or radio waves are set to a frequency that resonates with hydrogen atoms - hydrogen atoms in tissues are knocked over, then reset and send a return signal which is picked up by a receiver and interpreted by computers
42
What frequency is defined as ultra-sound? ## Footnote Book
over 20,000 Hz
43
What is the law of reflection and do x-rays follow it? ## Footnote Book
when light encounters the surface of a mirror, it will reverse direction such that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence X-RAYS DO NOT FOLLOW THIS LAW
44
What does attenuated mean? ## Footnote Book
partially absorbed
45
At what point radiation becomes ionizing. Know the definition of ionizing ## Footnote Study Guide

RTE 1041 - Radiographic Equipment & Imaging I (11 decks)

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