Chapter 5 - Globalization and Development

Question 1

what is globalization

Answer 1

A processes of increasing interconnectedness of people, products, ideas, and places

Question 2

what forces have lead to globalization

Answer 2

Improvement in transportation systems and in communication and information technologies

These developments facilitate the easy movement of people, products and ideas, leading to political, economic and cultural integration

Question 3

what three ways does globalization increase interconnectedness

Answer 3

1) material or physical connections increase
2) Places that once felt far away, now feel much smaller
3) americanization n shit

Question 4

what is the spatio-temporal element of globalisation

Answer 4

Makes the impacts of foreign catastrophes across the world more relevant in our lives

Eg. the impact wars on the other side of the wold have on out lives

Question 5

who coined the global village

Answer 5

Marshall McLuan

Question 6

what is McLuan’s concept of the global village

Answer 6

globalization created a grater global responsibility for social betterment thought heightened awareness

Question 7

Eg. seeing an McDonalds in a foreign country

what is this an example of

Answer 7

the dissemination of ideas and culture thought the world

Question 8

what are the negative and positive impacts of dimmemination of ideas and culture throughout the world

Answer 8

Positive Eg - the spread of the concept of human rights - The UN has a big part in this

Neg Eg - what cultural ideals such as consumerism and materialism can spread from country to country - like the unreachable beauty standards found in North America spreading to other parts of the world due to social media

Question 9

Globalisation does not occur in one _______

Answer 9

direction

(we aren’t simply becoming more globalised) - it is a process that advances and regresses

Question 10

3 main categories of globalisation and global inequality in sociology

Answer 10

Modernisation theory
World systems theory
World society theory

Question 11

the ______ theory Claims that countries are poor cause they cling to transition and inefficient attitudes, technologies, and institutions - with enough time they can become modernised and develop like western societies

Answer 11

modernization

Question 12

the modernization theory says there are 5 stages to globalization, name them in order

Answer 12

traditional society
preconditions for takeoff
takeoff
drive to maturity
high mass consuption

Question 13

according to modernization theory what is the first stage of econ growth? what triggers the movement to the next stage

Answer 13

traditional societies
-Little economic mobility
-Based on farming or hunter-gather to feed their own families (not sell)

Demand for raw material pushes them to dev more productive agriculture called Cash Crops (crops to be sold instead of consumed by the producers)

Question 14

according to modernization theory what is the second stage of econ growth?

Answer 14

Preconditions to takeoff - Tech advances to support (irrigation, transportation, etc) + changes increase social mobility

Question 15

according to modernization theory what is the third stage of econ growth?

Answer 15

Economic takeoff

able to profuse good for both domestic consumptions and export

Markets emerge

Rise of individualism - individual material enrichments which can undermine family ties and time-honoured norms and values

Question 16

according to modernization theory what is the third stage of econ growth?

Answer 16

Technological maturity

All sectors of society become more involved in market production and international trade arises

Cities grow. Ppl leave rural areas for opportunities

individualism and increased sense of efficiency generates social movements demanding universal education and increase rights for groups such as women and minorities

Question 17

according to modernization theory
what is the last stage

Answer 17

high mass consuption

Question 18

How did countries start to move out of poverty?

Answer 18

During the middle ages, a increase in exploration and trade brought wealth to a growing share of people in western europe

The growth of capitalism and the industrial revolution also created hew wealth

Question 19

what is the Modernization Theory’s Opinion of economic growth

Answer 19

They say the change that needs to be made in this country is to focus on cash crops of high-yield agricultural products

Question 20

what are some disadvantages of cash crops

Answer 20

Can be volatile and unsustainable - prices for cash crops are at the maker’s mercy

Environmental disadvantages - damage soil, lead to growth of parasites, increase crop vulnerability

Question 21

what does movernization theory fails to recogniza about how rich countries got to where they are

Answer 21

Fails to recognize that rich nations industrialised from a positions of global strength, colonising other countries and taking their resources

Question 22

modernization theory is sometimes considered ________ as it assumes western countires are doing whats right

Answer 22

ethnocentric

Question 23

who developed wolrd systems theory as a crtitique of modernization theory

Answer 23

immanual wallerstein

Question 24

WST highlights the inherent ________ that occurs through globalisation and global development

Answer 24

inequality

Question 25

WST sees the world as a transnational division of labour between what three types of countries

Answer 25

core, semi-periphery and periphery countries

Question 26

______ countries are the most powerful

Answer 26

core

Question 27

what is the power of core countries based on

Answer 27

Their power is based on their economic diversification, high level of industrialization, high skill-labour, and focus on the manufacturing of goods instead of simply extracting new resources for export

Question 28

________ countries are the least powerful of the three

Answer 28

periphery

Question 29

why are periphery countries the least developed

Answer 29

Not economically diversified, minimally industrialised Focus on extracting raw material for core countries

Question 30

why are periphery countries benificial to core countries

Answer 30

Attractive to core countries business interests as they tend to have more lenient labour and environmental laws

Question 31

______-_________ countries combine the two others characteristics

Answer 31

semi-periphery

Question 32

China, india, brazil and south africa are all _________ countries

Answer 32

semi-periphery

Question 33

what is it that combines the two others' charateristic for semi pheriphery countries

Answer 33

Moving toward industrialization and economic diversification

Question 34

World Systems Theory is based on what

Answer 34

Marx’s conflict theory; think of core countries as the capitalists, and the periphery countries as the proletariat

Question 35

explain how the capitalist countried benifit from the proletariat countries

Answer 35

Capitalists in core countries sell the goods produced in the periphery countries to the workers in the periphery - bringing the profits back to the core countries so that poor nations just get poorer and poorer

Question 36

The unequal trade relations between core and periphery countries create many problems for the periphery such as what

Answer 36

They're pressured to proceed a small variety of cash crops that are oriented to export Urged tp to extract natural resources in their raw formats and export them to core countries to be processed Created low wage and low skill work in the periphery while taking the higher skill work to the core Local industries in the periphery cannot compete with companies form the core

Question 37

same some criticisms of the WST

Answer 37

Foreign trade with rich countries has assisted some poor countries Modernization theory priests foreign investment stimulates growth, not economic decline The ability of countries to move into core counters idea that globalisation will lead to increased poverty in the periphery

Question 38

what is World Society Theory

Answer 38

Argues countries are becoming increasingly similar explains global change as the consequence of emerging global institutions and a “world culture” since World War 2

Question 39

who created the world society tradition

Answer 39

John W meyer

Question 40

WSocT Both individuals and nation-states tend to adopt summon ________ frames , resulting in one ______ ______

Answer 40

Both individuals and nation-states tend to adopt summon cultural frames or perspectives, resulting in one world culture

Question 41

is WSocT for or against globalizaiton

Answer 41

for Emphasises positive elements of globalisation

Question 42

why is WSocT for globalization

Answer 42

Speed of ideal human rights, science, tolerance

Question 43

from the Feminism reading: one of the main pillars of male dominance in the econ syst is the ________ ________ of _________ in the family and market

Answer 43

sexual division of labour

Question 44

from the Feminism reading: what thing perpertuate gener inequality

Answer 44

poverty patriarcht economy work social relations

Question 45

from the Feminism reading: the feminist lens helps us understand the ______, _______, the _______ and _______

Answer 45

economy work the family household (dynamics)

Question 46

from the Feminism reading: the concept of work ceased to be associated with __________ ________ activites

Answer 46

income generating activities

Question 47

from the Feminism reading: women are more prone to poverty because they are assigned the role of _______, and thus it is more difficult to _______ making an income. also _______ is seen as non-work

Answer 47

caregiving balance caregiving

Question 48

from the Feminism reading: women's working life imoacts their success in the ______ market and ____ life

Answer 48

labour family

Question 49

from the Feminism reading: _________ is a public problem which perpetuates poverty - it is a social ____

Answer 49

care right

Question 50

what is the story of the dish with one spoon

Answer 50

theres stu in a pot in the center of the room The room also has a number of people, who are malnourished and sickly, and depressed Attached to each person is a long spoon Dude see a guy try to dip into the spoon, but the spoon is longer than his arm, so he can't reach his face with it Realised that people cannot actually gain, even tho the stu is right in front of them - this is hell In the next room; people are well fed, have spoon strapped to their arms - have the same spoon ting going on, the difference is they feed each other - god days this is heaven

Question 51

people sometimes incorrectly think priviledge is a direct _______ on them

Answer 51

attack

Question 52

what are the three conceptual tools we use to understand phenomina such as globalization

Answer 52

Describe - what are the key facts, issues, and relationships Diagnose - what are the underlying factors and processes that the ‘root’ of the issue Prescribe - what policies, theories, or method should we adopt in light of our analysis

Question 53

explain what macro, meso and mirco focus on

Answer 53

Macro Large-scale systems and structures, nations Meso Groups, organisations, subcultures Micro Individuals are their interactions

Question 54

for globalization where we start depends on what

Answer 54

the story we want to tell

Question 55

what is globalization

Answer 55

globalisation is a process of increasing interconnectedness of people, products, ideas, and places The connections that exist in the world

Question 56

what is the meaning of "global village"

Answer 56

he idea that we can have shared experiences about global events (eg. how war impacts us all)

Question 57

the ______ persp Focused on the social processes that maintain hierarchy, domination, and oppression

Answer 57

conflict

Question 58

what is the Human Development Index what things does the HDI use as indicators of scores (3)

Answer 58

Combines indicators of “development” Life expectancy Education (avg years of schooling) Standard of living (gross national income per capita)

Question 59

Indicators combined into an index score of ___ to ____

Answer 59

0 to 1

Question 60

is country has an HDI of 1 they are ____ probably _______ country

Answer 60

core country (high on index

Question 61

a low score on the HDI, give exmaple

Answer 61

Anything below 0.4 ish

Question 62

the ______ index measure equality on a scale of 1-0 where 0 is perfect, 1 is bad

Answer 62

Gini

Question 63

The gini index shows us how equally the distribution of wealth in a country is, ireland is an example of a country with ______ index (more equality) and china is an example of a country with a _____ index (more inequality)

Answer 63

ireland - low china - high

Question 64

_________ theory states that Societies develop through distinct stages

Answer 64

medernization

Question 65

global inequality is perpetuated by People and products extracted firm periphery and then what

Answer 65

and brought back to the core refined, and then sold back to the periphery countries

Question 66

___________ countries are exploited a little by the core, things are also sold back to them

Answer 66

semi-periphery

Question 67

How can a country (and world economy) “develop” so much growth yet leave so many people behind?

Answer 67

Under global capitalism, wealth generated in LICs and MICs is concentrated among a small elite Class interests charred by elites in rich and poor countries Economies may grow, but the wealth hardly trickles how to the rest of society

Question 68

World Conflict Theory: Example _______ diagnosis

Answer 68

conflict

Question 69

Artificially created hunger has become an instrument of _____ how?

Answer 69

war countries that are truly the worst victims of hunger could be the highest producers of food

Question 70

Feminism draws attention to systems of male domination in _________, ________ and _____ spheres (conflict perp)

Answer 70

economic, political, social

Question 71

feminism called for greater __________ within the spheres

Answer 71

democratization

Question 72

__________ is a practice where a field is used for production of pure stands of one crop only.

Answer 72

monocropping