these are the 6 core features of bureaucracy 1. Based on ________ 2. ________ chain of command 3. Clear, formal ________ of ________ 4. Dominated by technical ___________ 5. __________ decision making 6. Staffed by _____-______, _________ employees

1. Based on hierarchy 2. Vertical chain of command 3. Clear, formal divisions of labour (one job only) 4. Dominated by technical qualification (degrees n shit) 5. Impersonal decision making (based on xp not on personal relationships) 6. Staffed by full-time, salaried employees

Work and Rationalization reading Flashcards by Mireille Giroux

what is rationality

Rationality - the scientific understanding and processes oriented toward rational goals

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_______ focused on the rise of rationality

weber

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Weber argues that prior to the enlightenment we lived in an ________ world

what does he mean by this

enchanted

People has very little understanding of why natural events occurred (eg. sun rotated around earth, or zeus throwing lightning when pissed of)

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the _______ also know as the ____ __ _______ was a period in europ when logic and evidence began to be used to make sense of the world

what resutled form this

The Enlightenment (“Age of Reason”) = period in europe when logic and evidence began to be sussed to make sense of the world

result:
Decline in religion’s role in society
People looked to science

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Weber coined the _________ of the world

disenchantment

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rationalisation envolves a way of solving problems using what 4 main factors

Predictability - repetition with same results
Calculability - quantification
Efficiency - best means to end
Control - advanced certainty of outcomes

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We live longer healthier lives because of rationalisation, but it still comes with downsides
weber argues what downsides

disillusionment - as the world becomes less enchanted, it becomes less meaningful to people

Creativity is absent from mass-produced consumer goods and the worker is unable to express individuality

Spontaneity is taken away when we are aiming for efficiency

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________ is a prototype of rationalisation and the french word for desk

bureaucracy

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bureaucracy is essentially a ________ made of _________

machine made of humans

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these are the 6 core features of bureaucracy

Based on ________
________ chain of command
Clear, formal ________ of ________
Dominated by technical ___________
__________ decision making
Staffed by _____-______, _________ employees

Based on hierarchy
Vertical chain of command
Clear, formal divisions of labour (one job only)
Dominated by technical qualification (degrees n shit)
Impersonal decision making (based on xp not on personal relationships)
Staffed by full-time, salaried employees

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what are some up sides of rationalisation

Allows us to produce a wider range of goods and services

Makes them available to a larger portion of populations

Goods are convenient and sheep alternatives to higher-priced customized goods

Allows us to creates goods od uniform quality and to provide a sense of familiarity and stability for the consumer

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ccording to Ritzer, McDonaldization is characterized by four dimensions what are they

efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control.

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efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control. refer to what in mcdonaldization

Efficiency refers to the use of the most efficient means to achieve a specific goal

calculability refers to the emphasis on quantifiable aspects such as speed, size, and cost

predictability refers to the standardization of products and services

and control refers to the replacement of human judgment with non-human technology or rules.

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standardized testing in education is an example of ________ in mcdonalization

caclulbility

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the use of fast-food-style assembly lines in healthcare is an example of _________ in mcdonalization

efficiency

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the monitoring of employees through technology is an example of ________ in mcdonalization

control

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the production of formulaic Hollywood movies is an example of _________ in mcdonalization

predictability

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what are some beneifts of mcdonalization

increased efficiency, convenience, and affordability of goods and services

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what are some drawbacks to mcdonaldization

homogenization, loss of creativity, and dehumanization of social interactions

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does ritzer think we should try to stop rationalization

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what are some benifits of rationalization

we can produce a ______ of ______ goods

make them ________ to a more ppl

the goods are _________ and ____

allows us to create goods of ________ quality

the goods provide a sens of ________ and _______ for the consumer

we can produce a range of wider goods

make them available to a more ppl

the goods are convinient and cheap

allows us to create goods of uniform quality

the goods provide a sens of familiarity and stability for the consumer

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people staying at a bed and breakfast instead of a large hotel chain is an example of what

buisnesses that are not McDonaldized

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what is the irrationationality of rationality

give an exmaple

rationalized systems can create negative outcome

McDonalds produces waste, poor health outcomes

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the irrationality of rationality can also be seen in the fact that rationalized systems are sometimes _______ which leads to ______ effects

unreasonable

negative

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bureaucracies involve a lot of _____ _____ - an exessive adherance to formal rules hat hinders the functioning of orgnizations

red tape

unecessaryily long approval processes disproportionate to the significane of the matter are examples of

red tape

McDonaldization aims to make consumer lives easier yet .....?

rationalises systems are partly based on asking the consumers to do more of the labour originally assigned to workers eg. checking out your own groceries

_______ are products that have some monetary values, are standardized, and are mass-produced by many different producers

commodities

give some examples of comodities

clothing, cars and food

what is commodification

the transofrmtion of what is noramlly a non-commonity into a comodity - the assigning of monetary value

why is bottled water a comodity

was not seens as a comodity (something we could get for free) and it is now monetary (something bought and sold)

______ can be commodified - reducing ideas, custome and behaviors into items and can be bought and sold

culture

diamonds being seen as a way to show devotion is an example of

the commodification of love

the clevland indians are an example of

indegenous symbols being comodified

emile durnkheim was a ______ _______ who arugues early societies were based on ________ _______

structural functionalist mechanical solidarity

mechanical solidarity is what

when each unit (family) provided for its own production and consuption needs, and units could survive in isolation from one another

in a society based on mechanical solidarity a family did not need to ______ on anyone else to make _______ or ______ it with services

rely goods provide

how were mechanical solidarity societies held together

shared sense of cocllective consiousness, shared beliefs and sentiments - created solidarity

in modern society we have no ________ ________ - people are all different and hold diff beliefs

collective conscienceness

modern societies had increased _________ of __________, more _________ tasks and activities

dividions of labour specialized

modern societies need eachother to survive, people and dissimilar and specialized, they are based on _________ __________

organic solidarity

if DOL is split into more specialized tasks we can hire _______ _______ labour to perform them

cheaper unskilled

no one worker is instrumental to the entire facotry which means

if one person quits or leaves, its easy to replace them

high DOL is an ______- and ________ way of making products

efficient and cheap

scientific managment is also known as ________ named after the person to who developed it

taylorsims frederick taylor

taylorism applies _______ princeples and methos to labour management and involves creating _______ in the labour process

scientific divisions

how does taylorism rationalise work

making more efficient by deviding it into smaller and smaller tasks

Ford developed the modern method of -_____ ________, in particular the _________ ___________

mass productions assembly line

_______ developed scientific management - aslo known as ______

taylor taylorism

taylorism applies ________ principles and methods to labour managment and involdes creating _________ in the labour process

scientific divisions

what is the goal of taylorism

make things more efficient by breaking tasks down into smaller and smaller tasks

_______ helped refines taylorism ideas

Ford

Ford developed the modern methos of _____ production, as well as _______ _______

mass assembly lines

ford practised two main princeples of scientific management 1 - the ________ of products 2 - the use of ________ ______

standardization specialized equiptment

using scientific managemtn products are no longer ______

unique/handmande

increased _____ and ______ are the two main benifits of scientific management

efficiency productivity

scientific management systems of work have led to __________ whereby equiptment is run with minimal or reduced human activity

automation

what is the beneift of automation

it saves labour - as a result, money for buisness owners can help improve the quality and percision of the labour process

downsides to automation

can lead to a loss of jobs changes nature of the work for those who remain on the assembly line - who now are just working with machines

___________ can be a company moving their manufacturing division, telephone call centre, or their entire buisness to another country in attempt to save money - an implication of scientific management

outsourcing

taylor had a ______ view towards the worker - seeing them as only a cog in the machine

negative

_______ feared the effect of these labour chanfes on the worker admitting it is productive, he noted that capitalism as a problem as it distored the process of work - something that should be ______ and _____

marx creative enjoyable

in what ways does capitalism distort labour acc to marx

1. transforms social and collective activities into a process that is about purusing one's own interests 2. workers create wealth through their labour and produced goods but only recive a small amout of the profit 3. as the division in jobs increase, more surplus is created for capitalists, but the production process becomes less enjoyable 4. separates workers from the product they make, the production prosedd and other workers (alientation)

what is alientation in reguards to capitalism and marx

no creative control no control over how they work separated from toehrs by assembly lines alienated form themselves becayse the process of work becomes roytine and exploitative

what three objective did "patterns and stratification of stressor exposure among canadian works" have

1. identif work stressor patterns and examine how they are distributed across groups of workers 2. examine which occupationa locations expose people to stressors and to what extent exposure relate to class, gender, age, race etc 3. how patterns of work stressors relte to delf-reported high overall work stress

what were the most common stressors in "patterns and stratification of stressor exposure among canadian works" (#)

repetitive tasks, hectic env, conflicting demans

in "patterns and stratification of stressor exposure among canadian works" what people are most likely to experience all stressors

less educated, lower income, female and middle-aged workers

________-_______ workers are most liekly to experience a multitude of stressors

blue-collar

the canadian econ has 3 major sectors of work name and explain

primary - extracts or harvests resources (eg. farming) secondairy - manufactured finished goods (eg. manufacturing) tetiary - the service industry, including services to individuals and buisnesses (entertainment, hospitality, etc)

although the _______ sector of the economy employs the most canadians, is tends to have some of the lowest paying jobs

tertiary

in "wage gap in student summer earning" what did they find

girls working full-time make 3 dollars less than boys - wage gap starts early girls overrepresented in caring roles, boys in physical ones

_______ ________ is work for renumeration characterized by uncertainty, low income, and minited social benifits and staturoty entitlements

precarious employment

pracious labour gives companies _____ _____ over their workers compaies are able to ______ and _____ because people are easily _______ with the type of work done

full control hire and fire replacable

how is precarious work bad

harmful economicallt, socially and had health effects many canadians working precarious jobs are working multiple and still living close to the poverty line

what is emotional labour

the emotional management sone by workers and a process of commodifying semotional displays at work - the result of work that involves direct contact with the public

through the process of emotional labour, workers must _______their own _______to achieve the desired ______ on _______

control their own feelings to achieve the desired effect on others

________ performed a study on emotional labour of flight attendant

Hoschild

Hochschild argues that emotional labour leads service workers to become _______ from _______ anf their own ______ in the workplace

alienated from themselves and their own emotions

this chater focuses on Weber's theroay of _______ in modern society and examines the rise of ________ as a prototype of this process

rationalizatio bureaucracies

______ built on weber's theory by applying it to the ideas of rationalization to the developement of _________

Ritzer Mcdonaldization

a byproduct of rationalization is the increased _________ of many element of our lives, from labour to love

commodification

________ discussed the increased division of labour over time

Durkheim

the DOL discussed by durkheim is seen as a process of ______ _______, developed by ______ and _____ according to ______this cna leace to feelings of alientation

scientific management taylor and ford marx