Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP Psychology > Chapter 5- History > Flashcards

Chapter 5- History Flashcards

(49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Behavior

A

A natural process subject to natural laws, refers to the observable actions of a person or an animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mind

A

Refers to sensations, memories, motives, emotions, thoughts, and other subjective phenomena particular to an individual or animal that are not readily observed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

First to speculate on the nature of the mind

A

Ancient Greeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Plato

A

Student of Socrates; argued that humans posses innate knowledge that is not obtained simply by observing the physical world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aristotle

A

Student of Plato; believed that we derive truth from the physical world; his application and systematic observation of the world laid the basis for the scientific method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dualism

A

Raised by the early Greeks; divides the world and all things I it into two parts: body and spirit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Brain

A

The command center of the central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Scientific revolution

A

1600-1700; when great discoveries were being made in biology, astronomy, and other sciences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

René Descartes

A

1596-1650; believed that the physical world is not under the divine influence but rather follows a set of observable laws or rules; reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mind according to Descartes

A

The mind controls the body with the body provides the mind with sensory input for it to decipher; believed interaction took place in pineal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reflexes

A

Not controlled by the mind; an immediate, unconscious reaction to an environmental event, such as pulling your hand away from a flame

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

John Locke

A

1632-1704; extended Descartes’ application of natural laws to all things, believing that even the mind is under control of such laws; empiricism; tabula rasa; nurture over nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Empiricism

A

Locke’s school of thought; the acquisition of truth through observations and experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tabula rasa

A

Humans are born knowing nothing; blank slate; used to describe the mind of a child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

1588-1679; believed that the use of a soul or spirit, or even of a mind, is meaningless; materialism which influenced behaviorism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Materialism

A

The belief that the only things that exist are matter and energy; what we experience is simply a by-product of the machinery of the brain; greatly influenced behaviorism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Charles Darwin

A

1809-1882; published “On the Origin of Species” in 1859; in the book proposed theory of natural selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Natural selection

A

All creatures have evolved into their present state over long periods of time; individuals that are best adapted to the environment are more likely to survive to reproduce; this process selects physical and behavior characteristics that promote survival in a particular environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Evolutionary theory

A

Provides a way to explain differences between species and justifying the use of animals as a means to study the roots of human behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Wilhelmina Wundt

Study These Flashcards
A

1832-1920; the founder of the science of psychology; opened a lab in Leipzig, Germany on 1879 to study consciousness

21
Q

Edward Titchner

Study These Flashcards
A

1867-1927; student in Wundt’s lab; one of the first to bring psychology to the US; sought to identify the smallest possible elements of the mind; structuralism

22
Q

Structuralism

Study These Flashcards
A

Theory that understanding all of the parts of the mind would lead to the understanding of the greater structure of the mind; looking for patterns in thought

23
Q

Introspection

Study These Flashcards
A

Looking for patterns in thought, which are illuminated through interviews with a subject describing his or her conscious experience

24
Q

William James

Study These Flashcards
A

1842-1910; and American psychologist who opposed the structuralist approach; argued that the function of the mind was more important; functionalism; influenced by Darwin

25
Functionalism
Influenced by Darwin; how the mind fulfills its purpose
26
Psychology
The study of behavior and the mind; uses systematic observation and collection of data to try to answer questions about the mind and behavior and their interaction
27
Materialism
The belief that the only things that exist are matter and energy
28
Charles Darwin
Published "On the Origin of Species"; proposed natural selection; individuals that are best adapted to the environment are more likely to survive to reproduce; evolutionary theory
29
Natural selection
All creatures have evolved into their present state over long periods of time
30
Evolutionary theory
Set the stage for psychology by providing a way to explain differences between species and justifying the use of animals as a means to study the roots of human behavior
31
Wilhelm Wundt
Founder of the science of psychology; used physiology to study the mind
32
Edward Titchener
A student in Wundt's lab; first to bring psychology to the U.S.; identify smallest possible elements of the mind; structuralism; introspection
33
Structuralism
Looking for patterns in thought; to understand greater structure of the mind
34
Introspection
Structuralism illuminated through interviews with a subject describing his or her conscious experience
35
William James
American psychologist who opposed the structuralist approach; function of mind is more important; influenced by Darwin; functionalism
36
Functionalism
Function-oriented approach that states it is important to understand how the mind fulfills its purpose
37
Biological psychology
The field of psychology that seeks to understand the interactions between anatomy, physiology, and behavior; practiced by directly applying biological experimentation to physiological problems; uses CAT scans, MRIs, EEGs, or PET scans
38
Behavioral genetics
The field of psychology that emphasizes that particular behaviors are attributed to particular, genetically-based psychological characteristics; takes account for biological and environmental factors
39
Behaviorism
Posits that psychology is the study of observable behavior; classical conditioning; John Watson; B.F. Skinner; behavior modification
40
Classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov; a basic form of learning in which a behavior comes to be elicited by a formally neutral stimulus; applied by John Watson in the "Little Albert Experiment"
41
B.F. Skinner
Through the development of his Skinner Box, described operant conditioning in which a subject learns to associate a behavioral response with an environmental outcome
42
Behavior modification
A set of techniques in which psychological problems are considered to be the product of learned habits, which can be unlearned by the application of behavioral methods
43
Cognitive psychology
An approach rooted in the idea that to understand people's behavior, we must first understand how they construe their environment, or how they think; combines both the structuralist approach of looking at the subcomponents of thought and the functionalist approach of understanding the purpose of thought
44
Humanistic approach
Rooted in the philosophical tradition of studying the roles of consciousness, free will, and awareness of the human condition; psychologists emphasize personal values and goals and how they influence behavior; Abraham Maslow; self-actualization; Carl Rogers; unconditional positive regard
45
Abraham Maslow
Proposed the idea of self-actualization, the need for individuals to reach their full potential in a creative way; accepting yourself and your nature, while knowing your limits and strengths
46
Carl Rogers
Stressed the role of unconditional positive regard in interactions and the need for positive self-concept as critical factors in attaining self-actualization
47
Psychoanalytic theory
Sigmund Freud; theory of human behavior; distinction between conscious and unconscious; stresses importance of childhood experiences and a child's relationship with his or her parents to the development of personality; uncovering info that has been depressed: buried in unconscious
48
Sociocultural
Believe that the environment a person lives in has a great deal to do with how the person behaves and how others perceive that behavior
49
Evolutionary approach
Focuses on the theories of Darwin; behavior can be explained in terms of how adaptive that behavior is to our own survival

AP Psychology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions