Chapter 5 Integumentary System Flashcards
list the two layers of skin and describe subcutaneous tissue
epidermis, dermis
subcutaneous tissue lies beneath skin, stores fat, anchors skin to underlying structures
name the tissue type composing the epidermis
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
what does the stratum basale layer of epidermis do for the skin
constantly forming new cells and keratinocytes, also houses melanocytes
what does the stratum spinosum important for
cells become connected by desmosomes
what does the stratum granulosum?
process of keratinization occurs; cells begin to die and start leaving behind keratin
what is important about the stratum lucidum and what kind of skin is it found in?
few rows of dead keratinocytes which provides additional protection for skin in high-use areas; only found in thick skin
what is the importance of stratum corneum?
outermost layer of epidermis where only dead keratin filled cells are found; this layer will be shed
name the two tissue types of connective tissue found in the dermis and their significance
papillary dermis: loose areolar connective tissue; contains all the glands and sensory receptors
reticular dermis: dense irregular connective tissue; contains network of blood vessels and collagen fibers
what contributes to red skin color?
lack of melanin produced by melanocytes and hemoglobin found in dermis layer
what contributes to darker skin color?
increased production of melanin from the melanocytes in the epidermis
what is the shaft of a hair?
the hair we see
what is the root of a hair?
the part of hair under the skin
what three things is a hair composed of?
medulla: innermost part
cortex: part surrounding the medulla
cuticle: outermost part of hair, provides protection, and determines appearance of hair
what are the three layers of the hair follicle?
dermal root sheath: outermost part
external epithelial root sheath
internal epithelial root sheath
what surround the hair and provides the growth zone?
the hair bulb or matrix
what supplies blood to the hair?
hair papilla
what two things does the arrector pili do?
contracts and forms goosebumps; forces sebum to act as skin lubricant
what produces dark hair?
melanocytes
replacement of melanin in hair with air bubbles causes what?
gray or white hair
pheomelanin produces what?
red hair
androgens cause hair follicles to have shorter and short growth cycles, this is known as:
male-patterned baldness
what is the nail fold?
surrounds the sides of nail
what is the part of nail that grows past the nail bed?
free edge
what is the center part of the nail that takes up the most of it?
nail body
