Chapter 5: Integumentary System

Question 1

integumentary system

Answer 1

skin, subcutaneous tissue, oil glands, sweat glands, hair, and nails

Question 2

epidermis

Answer 2

superficial region of thick epithelial tissue

Question 3

dermis

Answer 3

deep to the epidermis, a fibrous connective tissue

Question 4

hypodermis

Answer 4

lies deep to the dermis, composed of loose areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue

Question 5

functions of skin and hypodermis

Answer 5

protection, body temperature regulation, excretion, production of vit D, and sensory reception

Question 6

keratinocytes

Answer 6

produce keratin, a fibrous protein (protective)

Question 7

melanocytes

Answer 7

location-basal layer, manufacture and secrete pigment

Question 8

tactile epithelial cells

Answer 8

location-basal layer, attached to sensory nerve endings

Question 9

dendritic cells

Answer 9

location-stratum spinosum, part of immune system

Question 10

5 strata layers

Answer 10

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum(only in thick skin), and stratum corneum

Question 11

stratum basale

Answer 11

deepest epidermal layer, cells actively divide (tactile epithelial cells& melanocytes)

Question 12

stratum spinosum

Answer 12

contains thick bundles of intermediate filaments: contains star-shaped dendritic cells

Question 13

stratum granulosum

Answer 13

consists of keratinocyts, kertohyaline granules (form keratin), and lamellated granules( contain waterproofing glycolipid)

Question 14

stratum lucidum

Answer 14

composed of a few rows of flat, dead keratinocytes(only found in thick skin)

Question 15

stratum corneum

Answer 15

topmost layer; thick layer of dead keratinocytes and thickened plasma membranes; protects against abrasion & penetration; cells shed regularly

Question 16

dermis

Answer 16

strong, flexible connective tissue; with lots of blood vessels and nerves; has paillary dermis& reticular layer

Question 17

papillary dermis

Answer 17

includes dermal papillae (extends into epidermis

Question 18

reticular layer

Answer 18

deeper layer; more thick; dense, irregular connective tissue; separations between collagen bundles form cleavage lines

Question 19

subcutaneous tissue

Answer 19

hypodermis; areolar and adipose connective tissue; stores fat and anchors skin to underlying structures

Question 20

melanin

Answer 20

UV protection; variation in skin color due to amounts of pigment

Question 21

carotene

Answer 21

yellowish-orange; obtained from vegetables

Question 22

hemoglobin

Answer 22

crimson color of oxygenated blood

Question 23

nails

Answer 23

scalelike modification of epidermis (hard keratin)

Question 24

hair

Answer 24

flexible strand of dead, keratinized cells; hard keratin-tough and durable

Question 25

vellus hairs

Answer 25

body hairs of women and children

Question 26

terminal hairs

Answer 26

hair of scalp, axillary and pubic area

Question 27

root

Answer 27

imbedded in the skin

Question 28

shaft

Answer 28

projects above skin's surface

Question 29

medulla

Answer 29

central core (absent in fine hairs)

Question 30

cortex

Answer 30

surrounds medulla & consists of several layers of flattened cells

Question 31

cuticle of hair

Answer 31

outermost layer (shingles)

Question 32

hair follicles

Answer 32

extend from epidermis into dermis

Question 33

hair bulb

Answer 33

deep, expanded end of the hair follicle

Question 34

root plexus

Answer 34

knot of sensory nerves around hair bulb

Question 35

dermal papilla

Answer 35

stimulates hair growth and nutrients

Question 36

wall of hair component

Answer 36

peripheral connective tissue sheath; glassy membrane; and epithelial root sheath

Question 37

sebaceous glands

Answer 37

over most body except palms and soled; secrete seubum; secreation stimulated by hormones

Question 38

sebum

Answer 38

collects dirt; soften and lubricates hair and skin

Question 39

sweat gland

Answer 39

widely distributes on body; eccrine and apocrine

Question 40

eccrine sweat glands

Answer 40

most common (true sweat); most abundant on palms, soles, and foreheads

Question 41

apocrine sweat glands

Answer 41

secrete water, some fats and proteins (start to function at puberty)

Question 42

modified sweat glands

Answer 42

ceruminous (ear) and mammary glands

Question 43

sweat

Answer 43

blood filtrate; 99% water (some salts; ~2% urea)