Chapter 5: Latinos/Hispanics Flashcards
What happened to people of Mexican decent regarding repatriation during the great depression?
Being declared Mexican Americans did not guarantee equal rights, however. Mexicans were sometimes barred from restaurants and other businesses, harassed, and lynched. Historians report hundreds of lynchings of Mexicans by White mobs, most of whom were unprosecuted. During the Great Depression, many Mexican Americans were “repatriated” to Mexico under a program authorized by President Hoover’s efforts to free up jobs. Estimates of those affected range from 500,000 to 2 million, including many U.S. citizens. Some went voluntarily; others were forced to go by police and other authorities, leaving behind homes and possessions that were not recovered. Many of those “repatriated” had never even been to Mexico.
Mexicans began large-scale migration to the United States again during World War II, and many who returned learned then that they were already U.S. citizens, by birth. Many Mexicans continued to distrust police and government authorities.
When are “English only” laws necessary?
Some situations in which English-only rules are justified include:
- for communications with customers, coworkers, or supervisors who only speak English;
- in emergencies or other situations in which employees must speak a common language for safety reasons;
- for cooperative work assignments in which speaking English promotes efficiency; and
- to enable supervisors who only speak English to monitor the performance of employees who speak with coworkers or customers as part of their job duties.
Although bilingualism among Hispanics is an asset, the requirement that employees speak Spanish can only be used for hiring decisions when it is a legitimate business necessity.
How many different ways might Hispanics experience discrimination?
Access and Treatment Discrimination
Access and treatment discrimination
–> Name-based discrimination
–> Inter-ethnic employment discrimination
Practiced by racial and ethnic minority groups against other minorities
Customer discrimination
Racial profiling
Police misconduct
Disproportionate representation in dangerous industries
Experience physical harm and harassment based on skin color
Immigrants who are undocumented often receive low wages and work longer hours with no overtime.
OSHA and EEOC assist in combating exploitation
know facts of Hispanics living in the U.S. (what are some common countries of origin)?
puerto ricans
- compromise 9% of total us hispanic pop
- citizenship was extended via the jones act, 1917
- possess dual citizenship, many are bilingual and diverse in race
- suffered a history of slavery, racial segregation and classism
cubans:
- began arriving in 1959 after the commencement of fidel castro’s regime
- early emigres were wealth or middle class, late arrivals were largely professionals
- most refugees were white cubans; black cubans feared discrimination in the us
- federal government helped cubans significantly
dominicans:
- the united states invaded the dominican republic in 1965. this invasion and occupation prompted the first wave of migration from the dominican republic
- today, there are more than 2 million dominicans in the united states, making them the fifth-largest latino group in the country
What are some facts regarding Hispanic’s experiences with access and treatment?
Access and treatment discrimination
1. Name-based discrimination
Inter-ethnic employment discrimination
Practiced by racial and ethnic minority groups against other minorities
- Customer discrimination
- Racial profiling
- Police misconduct
history of mexican-americans
1519-colonization of new spain: earliest known ancestors of mexican americans lived in what is now united states long before europeans, spaniards arrived in 1519
mexican-american war: residents in texas chose to stay as us citizens
1929-1939: repatriation to mexico authorized by president herbert hoover
world world ii: large-scale migration to the US
mendez v westminster school district: made segregation of mexican children in schools illegal
