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abdomen > Chapter 5 Med Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Med Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

A

Absorption

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2
Q

Small building blocks of proteins, released when proteins are digested.

A

Amino acids

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3
Q

Enzyme (-ase) secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch (amyl/o).

A

Amylase

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4
Q

Terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

A

Anus

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5
Q

Blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the right lower quadrant [RLQ]). It literally means hanging (pend/o) onto (ap-, which is a form of ad-).

A

Appendix

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6
Q

Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It breaks up (emulsifies) large fat globules.

A

Bile

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7
Q

Pigment released by the liver in bile

A

Bilirubin

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8
Q

Intestine

A

Bowel

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9
Q

Pointed, dog-like teeth (canine means pertaining to dog) next to the incisors. Also called cuspids or eyeteeth

A

Canine

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10
Q

First part of large intestine

A

Cecum

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11
Q

Portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments

A

Colon

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12
Q

Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. Also called the choledochal

A

Common bile duct

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13
Q

Elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus

A

Defecation

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14
Q

Swallowing

A

Deglutition

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15
Q

Primary material found in teeth. It is covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root

A

Dentin

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16
Q

Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

A

Digestion

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17
Q

First part of the small intestine. Duo = 2, den = 10; the duodenum measures 12 inches long

A

Duodenum

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18
Q

Removal of materials from the body; in the digestive system, the removal of indigestible materials as feces

A

Elimination

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19
Q

Breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules. This increases the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat

A

Emulsification

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20
Q

Hard, outermost layer of a tooth

A

Enamel

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21
Q

Chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances

A

Enzyme

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22
Q

Tube connecting the throat to the stomach

A

Esophagus

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23
Q

Substances produced when fats are digested

A

Fatty acids

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24
Q

Solid wastes; stool. Term fecal means pertaining to feces

A

Feces

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25
Q

Small sac under the liver; stores bile

A

Gallbladder

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26
Q

Simple sugar

A

Glucose

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27
Q

Starch; Glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells

A

Glycogen

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28
Q

Substance (strong acid) produced in the stomach; aids digestion

A

Hydrochloric acid

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29
Q

Third part of the small intestine from the Greek eilos, meaning twisted

A

Ileum

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30
Q

Any of 1-4 front teeth in the dental arch

A

Incisor

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31
Q

Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. It helps transport sugar into body cells

A

Insulin

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32
Q

Second part of the small intestine

A

Jejunum

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33
Q

Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

A

Lipase

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34
Q

Large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen. The liver secretes bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn-out red blood cells; and filters out toxins

A

Liver

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35
Q

Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach. Also called cardiac sphincter

A

Lower esophageal sphincter

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36
Q

Chewing

A

Mastication

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37
Q

Three large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth, on either side of the dental arch

A

Molar teeth

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38
Q

Roof of the mouth

A

Palate

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39
Q

Lies anterior to the soft palate and is supported by the upper jawbone (maxilla

A

Hard palate

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40
Q

Posterior fleshy part between the mouth and the throat

A

Soft palate

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41
Q

Organ behind the stomach; produces insulin (for transport of sugar into cells) and enzymes (for digestion of foods)

A

Pancreas

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42
Q

Small projections on the tongue. Tastebuds are located here

A

Papillae

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43
Q

Salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear

A

Parotid gland

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44
Q

Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs

A

Peristalsis

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45
Q

Throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose

A

Pharynx

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46
Q

Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

A

Portal vein

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47
Q

Enzyme that digests protein

A

Protease

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48
Q

Soft tissue within a tooth

A

Pulp

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49
Q

Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum

A

Pyloric sphincter

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50
Q

Distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum

A

Pylorus

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51
Q

Last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus

A

Rectum

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52
Q

Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

A

Rugae

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53
Q

Digestive juice produced by salivary glands

A

Saliva

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54
Q

Parotid, subinguinal, and submandibular glands

A

Salivary gland

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55
Q

Lower, S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum

A

Sphincter

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56
Q

Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus

A

Stomach

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57
Q

Fat molecules composed of three parts fa y acids and one part glycerol

A

Triglycerides

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58
Q

Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate

A

Uvula

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59
Q

Microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream

A

Villi

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60
Q

An/o

A

Anus

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61
Q

Append/o

A

Appendix

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62
Q

Bucc/o

A

Cheek

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63
Q

Mucous membrane lining cavities or canals that open to the outside of the body

A

Buccal mucosa

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64
Q

Cec/o

A

Cecum

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65
Q

Celi/o

A

Bell, abdomen

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66
Q

Damage to the lining of the small intestine, occurring as a reaction to eating gluten

A

Celiac

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67
Q

Cheil/o

A

Lip

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68
Q

Cholecyst/o

A

Gallbladder

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69
Q

Choledoch/o

A

Common bile duct

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70
Q

Col/o

A

Colon

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71
Q

Colon/o

A

Colon

72
Q

Dent/i

A

Tooth

73
Q

Duoden/o

A

Duodenum

74
Q

Enter/o

A

Intestines (Usually small intestine

75
Q

New opening between 2 previously unconnected parts of the small intestine

A

Enterostomy

76
Q

Part of the double fold of peritoneum that stretches around the organs in place

A

Mesentery

77
Q

An intravenous line brings parenteral nutrition directly into the bloodstream bypassing the intestinal tract. May be subcutaneous or intramuscular as well

A

Parenteral

78
Q

Esophag/o

A

Esophagus

79
Q

Faci/o

A

Face

80
Q

Gastr/o

A

Stomach

81
Q

Gingiv/o

A

Gums

82
Q

Gloss/o

A

Tongue

83
Q

Hepat/o

A

Liver

84
Q

Known as hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Hepatoma

85
Q

Ile/o

A

Ileum

86
Q

Known as ileocecal valve

A

Ileocecal sphincter

87
Q

Jejun/o

A

Jejunum

88
Q

Part of a gastric bypass procedure

A

Gastrojejunostomy

89
Q

Labi/o

A

Lip

90
Q

Lapar/o

A

Abdomen

91
Q

Form of minimally invasice surgery (MIS)

A

Laparoscopy

92
Q

Lingu/o

A

Tongue

93
Q

Mandibul/o

A

Lower jaw, mandible

94
Q

Odont/o

A

Tooth

95
Q

Or/o

A

Mouth

96
Q

Palat/o

A

Palate

97
Q

Procedure to repair cleft palate and cleft lip; repair of a cleft palate

A

Palatoplasty

98
Q

Pancreat/o

A

Pancreas

99
Q

Peritone/o

A

Peritoneum

100
Q

Pharyng/o

A

Throat

101
Q

Used to treat cases of snoring or sleep apnea caused by obstructions in the throat or nose

A

Palatopharyngoplasty

102
Q

Proct/o

A

Anus and rectum

103
Q

Pylor/o

A

Pyloric sphincter

104
Q

Rect/o

A

Rectum

105
Q

Sialaden/o

A

Salivary gland

106
Q

Sigmoid/o

A

Sidmoid colon

107
Q

Stomat/o

A

Mouth

108
Q

Uvul/o

A

Uvula

109
Q

Amyl/o

A

Starch

110
Q

Bil/i

A

Gall, bile

111
Q

Bilirubin/o

A

Bilirubin

112
Q

Chol/e

A

Gall, bile

113
Q

Chlorhydr/o

A

Hydrochloric acid

114
Q

Absence of gastric juice is associated with gastric carcinoma

A

Achlorhydria

115
Q

Gluc/o

A

Sugar

116
Q

Glycogen/o

A

Glycogen, animal

117
Q

Lip/o

A

Fat, lipid

118
Q

Lith/o

A

Stone

119
Q

Prote/o

A

Protein

120
Q

Py/o

A

Pus

121
Q

Sial/o

A

Saliva, salivary

122
Q

Steat/o

A

Fat

123
Q

Liver cells make new sugar from fats and proteins

A

Gluconeogenesis

124
Q

Liver cells change glycogen back into glucose when blood sugar levels drop

A

Glycogenolysis

125
Q

Periodontitis; An advanced stage of periodontal disease (gingivitis)

A

Pyorrhea

126
Q

Improperly digested (malabsorbed) fats will appear in the feces

A

Steatorrhea

127
Q

-ase

A

Enzyme

128
Q

-chezia

A

Defecation, Elimination of wastes

129
Q

-iasis

A

Abnormal condition

130
Q

-prandial

A

Meal

131
Q

Enzyme that aids in digestion of fats

A

Lipase

132
Q

Bright red blood is found in the feces

A

Hematochezia

133
Q

Seen on written prescriptions, also means after meals

A

Postprandial

134
Q

Lack of appetite – Often sign of malignancy or liver disease

A

Anorexia

135
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

A

Ascites

136
Q

Rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in gastrointestinal tract

A

Borborygmi

137
Q

Difficult in passing stools (feces). Peristalsis is slow, stools are dry and hard

A

Constipation

138
Q

Frequent passage of loose, watery stool

A

Diarrhea

139
Q

Difficult in swallowing

A

Dysphagia

140
Q

Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

A

Eructation

141
Q

Gas expelled through the anus

A

Flatus

142
Q

Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

A

Hematochezia

143
Q

Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia)

A

Jaundice

144
Q

Black, tarry stools; Feces containing digested blood

A

Melena

145
Q

Unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit

A

Nausea

146
Q

Fat in feces

A

Steatorrhea

147
Q

Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers

A

Aphthous

148
Q

Tooth decay

A

Dental caries

149
Q

Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with herpesvirus

A

Herpetic stomatitis

150
Q

White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth

A

Oral leukoplakia

151
Q

Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax

A

Achalasia

152
Q

Malignant tumor of the esophagus

A

Esophageal cancer

153
Q

Swollen varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

A

Esophageal varices

154
Q

Malignant tumor of the stomach

A

Gastric cancer

155
Q

Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

156
Q

Protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it

A

Hernia

157
Q

Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

A

Peptic ulcer

158
Q

Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

A

Anal fistula

159
Q

Polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

A

Colonic polyps

160
Q

Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both

A

Colorectal cancer

161
Q

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

A

Crohn’s Disease

162
Q

Abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon

A

Diverticulosis

163
Q

Painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacteria infection

A

Dysentery

164
Q

Swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region

A

Hemorrhoids

165
Q

Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of intestines

A

Ileus

166
Q

Inflammation of the colon and small intestine

A

Inflmmatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

167
Q

Telescoping the intestines

A

Intussuception

168
Q

Group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation) without structural abnormalities in the intensities

A

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

169
Q

Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers

A

Ulcerative colitis

170
Q

Twisting of the intestine on itself

A

Volvulus

171
Q

Gallstones in the gallbladder

A

Cholelithiasis

172
Q

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver

A

Cirrhosis

173
Q

Liver cancer

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

174
Q

Malignant tumor of the pancreas

A

Pancreatic cancer

175
Q

Inflammation of the pancreas

A

Pancreatitis

176
Q

Inflmmation of the liver caused by virus

A

Viral hepatitis

abdomen (10 decks)

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