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OTHA 130 > chapter 5-muscular system > Flashcards

chapter 5-muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle attachement

A

muscles are attached to bones and cross over at least 1 joint

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2
Q

insertion

A

moveable bone toward the origin

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3
Q

origin

A

stable bone

-tends to be closer to the trunk than the insertion

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4
Q

reversal of muscle action

A

if the insertion becomes fixed then the origin actually moved toward it and the insertion becomes stable
-example is chin up bar

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5
Q

Properties of Muscle tissue

A
  1. irritability
  2. contractability
  3. extensibilty
  4. elasticity
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6
Q

irritability

A

ability to respond to stimuli

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7
Q

contractility

A

ability to shorten or contract with stimulation

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8
Q

extensibility

A

ability to elongate or extend when force is applied

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9
Q

elasticity

A

ability to return to resting length when stretching or shortening force is removed

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10
Q

tension

A

force build up within a muscle

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11
Q

passive tension

A

stretching tendons

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12
Q

active tension

A

contraction of muscle fibers

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13
Q

tone

A

slight tension present in muscle at all times

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14
Q

excursion

A

distance from total elongation to total shortness of a muscle

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15
Q

excursion NOTE

A
  • muscle will shorten 1/2 resting length
  • muscle can be lengthened twice as far as shortened
  • MM of 6 inches, excursion of 3-9 or 6 total
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16
Q

Muscle tension dependent on length

A

muscle is strongest if put on slight stretch before contracting (winding up to kick a ball)

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17
Q

Active insufficiency

A

only occurs in muscles crossing 2 joints

  • muscle tissue cannot contract (shorten anymore)
  • AGONIST (muscle that is contracting)
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18
Q

passive insufficiency

A

only occurs in muscles crossing 2 joints

  • muscle tissue cannot stretch further
  • ANTAGONIST opposite of against, muscle that is relaxed or stretched completely
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19
Q

tenodesis

A

can make someone very functional

-function of wrist extension and flexion NOT pronation and supination

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20
Q

isometic muscle contraction

A

muscle contracts producing force without a change in muscle length,HOLDING contraction, no movement

21
Q

isotonic concentric

A

muscle shortens, origin and insertion move toward each other

22
Q

isotonic eccentric

A

muscle lengthens, origin and insertion move away from each other

23
Q

isokinetic

A

only done with equipment

24
Q

Agonist/Prime mover

A

muscle that is causing the movement

25
Q

antagonist

A

muscle opposite of agonist

26
Q

co-contraction

A

agonist and antagonist contract at same time for stability, no movement, lock joint

27
Q

stabilizer

A

muscle that stabilizes

-also called fixator

28
Q

neutralizer

A

muscle that prevents unwanted motion

29
Q

synergist

A

muscle that works with another muscle to enhance a motion

30
Q

Angle of pull rule of thumb

A
  • most muscles pull at a diagonal
  • angle of pull is the way the muscle fibers run
  • vertical, horizontal, rhomboid (fibers in both ways)
31
Q

kinematic chains

A

links connected in a way that allows motion

32
Q

closed kinematic chain

A

distal is fixed and proximal is moving

-standing up from a chair, feet on ground

33
Q

open kinematic chain

A

distal moves and proximal is fixed

-sitting on a bed with legs hanging

34
Q

roll (types of motion)

A

1 joint surface rolls on another (walking on floor, heal to toe)

35
Q

glide( type of motion)

A

linear joint surface movement parallel to place of adjoining surface (skater on 1 foot)

36
Q

spin (type of motion)

A

rotation of moveable joint surface on a fixed adjacent surface

37
Q

convex-concave rule

A

concave surface will move on a convex surface in the same direction as bone
convex surface will move on a concave surface opposite direction of bone

38
Q

closed pack position

A

joint surfaces have maximum contact (congruent) with eachother, difficult to separate

39
Q

open pack position

A

joint surfaces have maximum incongruity, ligaments are lax aka resting position

40
Q

fracture

A

brake in bone

41
Q

dislocation

A

complete separation of 2 articular surfaces of a joint

42
Q

subluxation

A

partial dislocation

43
Q

sprain

A

tear of ligament

44
Q

strain

A

tear of muscle or tendon

45
Q

tendonitis

A

inflammation of tendon

46
Q

tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of tendon sheath

47
Q

synovitis

A

inflammation of the synovial membrane

48
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of the bursa

49
Q

capsulitis

A

inflammation of the joint capsule

OTHA 130 (6 decks)

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