chapter 5-muscular system

Question 1

Muscle attachement

Answer 1

muscles are attached to bones and cross over at least 1 joint

Question 2

insertion

Answer 2

moveable bone toward the origin

Question 3

origin

Answer 3

stable bone

-tends to be closer to the trunk than the insertion

Question 4

reversal of muscle action

Answer 4

if the insertion becomes fixed then the origin actually moved toward it and the insertion becomes stable
-example is chin up bar

Question 5

Properties of Muscle tissue

Answer 5

1. irritability
2. contractability
3. extensibilty
4. elasticity

Question 6

irritability

Answer 6

ability to respond to stimuli

Question 7

contractility

Answer 7

ability to shorten or contract with stimulation

Question 8

extensibility

Answer 8

ability to elongate or extend when force is applied

Question 9

elasticity

Answer 9

ability to return to resting length when stretching or shortening force is removed

Question 10

tension

Answer 10

force build up within a muscle

Question 11

passive tension

Answer 11

stretching tendons

Question 12

active tension

Answer 12

contraction of muscle fibers

Question 13

tone

Answer 13

slight tension present in muscle at all times

Question 14

excursion

Answer 14

distance from total elongation to total shortness of a muscle

Question 15

excursion NOTE

Answer 15

• muscle will shorten 1/2 resting length
• muscle can be lengthened twice as far as shortened
• MM of 6 inches, excursion of 3-9 or 6 total

Question 16

Muscle tension dependent on length

Answer 16

muscle is strongest if put on slight stretch before contracting (winding up to kick a ball)

Question 17

Active insufficiency

Answer 17

only occurs in muscles crossing 2 joints

• muscle tissue cannot contract (shorten anymore)
• AGONIST (muscle that is contracting)

Question 18

passive insufficiency

Answer 18

only occurs in muscles crossing 2 joints

• muscle tissue cannot stretch further
• ANTAGONIST opposite of against, muscle that is relaxed or stretched completely

Question 19

tenodesis

Answer 19

can make someone very functional

-function of wrist extension and flexion NOT pronation and supination

Question 20

isometic muscle contraction

Answer 20

muscle contracts producing force without a change in muscle length,HOLDING contraction, no movement

Question 21

isotonic concentric

Answer 21

muscle shortens, origin and insertion move toward each other

Question 22

isotonic eccentric

Answer 22

muscle lengthens, origin and insertion move away from each other

Question 23

isokinetic

Answer 23

only done with equipment

Question 24

Agonist/Prime mover

Answer 24

muscle that is causing the movement

Question 25

antagonist

Answer 25

muscle opposite of agonist

Question 26

co-contraction

Answer 26

agonist and antagonist contract at same time for stability, no movement, lock joint

Question 27

stabilizer

Answer 27

muscle that stabilizes | -also called fixator

Question 28

neutralizer

Answer 28

muscle that prevents unwanted motion

Question 29

synergist

Answer 29

muscle that works with another muscle to enhance a motion

Question 30

Angle of pull rule of thumb

Answer 30

- most muscles pull at a diagonal - angle of pull is the way the muscle fibers run - vertical, horizontal, rhomboid (fibers in both ways)

Question 31

kinematic chains

Answer 31

links connected in a way that allows motion

Question 32

closed kinematic chain

Answer 32

distal is fixed and proximal is moving | -standing up from a chair, feet on ground

Question 33

open kinematic chain

Answer 33

distal moves and proximal is fixed | -sitting on a bed with legs hanging

Question 34

roll (types of motion)

Answer 34

1 joint surface rolls on another (walking on floor, heal to toe)

Question 35

glide( type of motion)

Answer 35

linear joint surface movement parallel to place of adjoining surface (skater on 1 foot)

Question 36

spin (type of motion)

Answer 36

rotation of moveable joint surface on a fixed adjacent surface

Question 37

convex-concave rule

Answer 37

concave surface will move on a convex surface in the same direction as bone convex surface will move on a concave surface opposite direction of bone

Question 38

closed pack position

Answer 38

joint surfaces have maximum contact (congruent) with eachother, difficult to separate

Question 39

open pack position

Answer 39

joint surfaces have maximum incongruity, ligaments are lax aka resting position

Question 40

fracture

Answer 40

brake in bone

Question 41

dislocation

Answer 41

complete separation of 2 articular surfaces of a joint

Question 42

subluxation

Answer 42

partial dislocation

Question 43

sprain

Answer 43

tear of ligament

Question 44

strain

Answer 44

tear of muscle or tendon

Question 45

tendonitis

Answer 45

inflammation of tendon

Question 46

tenosynovitis

Answer 46

inflammation of tendon sheath

Question 47

synovitis

Answer 47

inflammation of the synovial membrane

Question 48

bursitis

Answer 48

inflammation of the bursa

Question 49

capsulitis

Answer 49

inflammation of the joint capsule