chapter 1

Question 1

Kinesiology

Answer 1

study of movement

study of actions of muscles and joints

Question 2

planes of movement

Answer 2

movements are in a plane when they are parallel to it

Question 3

sagittal plane

Answer 3

(median)

passes front to back splitting body into R and L halves

Question 4

frontal plane

Answer 4

(coronal)

passes from side to side dividing body into anterior and posterior parts (front and back)

Question 5

transverse plane

Answer 5

(horizontal)

divides body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) halves

Question 6

cranial/superior

Answer 6

structure being closer to the head, higher than other structure

Question 7

caudal, inferior

Answer 7

structure being closer to the feet or lower than another structure

Question 8

anterior/ventral

Answer 8

structure being more in front than another structure

Question 9

posterior/dorsal

Answer 9

structure being behind another structure

Question 10

medial

Answer 10

closer to midline

Question 11

lateral

Answer 11

farther away from midline

Question 12

proximal

Answer 12

closer to midline (referring to limbs)

Question 13

distal

Answer 13

farther away from midline (referring to limbs)

Question 14

axes of movement

Answer 14

• points to a joint around which movement occurs

- right angle to plane in which movement occurs

Question 15

frontal axis

Answer 15

• passes horizontally side to side
• perpendicular to sagittal plane
• movement in sagittal plane have frontal axis

Question 16

sagittal axis

Answer 16

• perpendicular to frontal plane

- movement in frontal plane have sagittal axis

Question 17

vertical axis

Answer 17

• passes through the body vertically
• perpendicular to transverse plane
• movement in transverse plane have vertical axis

Question 18

Linear motion

Answer 18

(translatory)

• movement in straight line
• all part of an object move same distance in same direction at the same time

Question 19

rectilinear motion

Answer 19

movement in straight line (car on the road, wheelchair on path)

Question 20

curvilinear motion

Answer 20

curved path

Question 21

angular motion

Answer 21

(rotary)

• movement of object around a fixed point traveling through an arc
• all parts move through same angle, in same direction but not same distance
• example is shooting a basketball

Question 22

osteokinematics

Answer 22

bone movement in space

Question 23

flexion

Answer 23

making joint angle smaller (shortening angle)

Question 24

extension

Answer 24

opening angle back to normal

Question 25

hyperextension

Answer 25

making the joint angle larger past its normal limits

Question 26

abduction

Answer 26

away from midline

Question 27

adduction

Answer 27

toward the midline

Question 28

radial

Answer 28

thumb side

Question 29

ulnar

Answer 29

pinky side

Question 30

circumduction

Answer 30

moving in a circle | -distal end moves while proximal end is fixed

Question 31

internal rotation

Answer 31

(medial) | rotating toward the midline

Question 32

external rotation

Answer 32

(lateral) | rotating away from the midline

Question 33

pronation

Answer 33

palm down

Question 34

supination

Answer 34

palm up (holding a cup of soup)

Question 35

inversion

Answer 35

foot rotates toward the midline (inward)

Question 36

eversion

Answer 36

foot rotates away from midline (outward)

Question 37

protraction

Answer 37

round shoulders | -in anterior direction/being pulled forward

Question 38

retraction

Answer 38

pinch shoulder blades together | -in posterior direction/being pulled back

Question 39

elevation

Answer 39

origin is pulled towards its insertion | -shoulders up to ears

Question 40

depression

Answer 40

origin is pulled away from insertion | -pushing shoulders down toward body

Question 41

supine

Answer 41

laying on back

Question 42

prone

Answer 42

laying on stomach

Question 43

side-lying

Answer 43

laying on side

Question 44

rotation

Answer 44

movement around a single axis

Question 45

dorsiflexion

Answer 45

decreasing angle between leg and top of foot | -pointing toes up

Question 46

plantar flexion

Answer 46

decreasing angle between bottom of foot and back of leg | -point toes down