chapter 8-biomechanics

Question 1

biomechanics

Answer 1

mechanical principals related to the human body

Question 2

statics

Answer 2

force of object at rest

Question 3

dynamics

Answer 3

moving systems

2 types

Question 4

kinetics

Answer 4

study of forces causing movement in a system

Question 5

kinematics

Answer 5

time, space, and mass aspects of a moving system

Question 6

force

Answer 6

measurable influences acting on body, push or pull action, instigator of movement

Question 7

linear force

Answer 7

2 of more forces act along the same line, can be in same direction or opposite direction

Question 8

parallel force

Answer 8

same plane and in same or opposite direction, 3 force must be present in between 2 forces to provide counterforce

Question 9

concurrent force

Answer 9

2 or more forces act on a common point but pull in different directions
-example is deltoid

Question 10

force couple

Answer 10

2 forces act together, but in opposite but equal directions resulting in turning
-example is scapula

Question 11

torque

Answer 11

force with a twist, rotate

Question 12

equilibrium

Answer 12

all forces are equal

Question 13

center of gravity

Answer 13

balance point of an object, where planes intersect

Question 14

base of support

Answer 14

where the body is in contact with the supporting force

• the wider the BOS the more stable the object is
• when COG is not over the BOS, less stable the object is

Question 15

lever

Answer 15

rigid bar that can rotate around a point when force is applied

Question 16

axis or fulcrum

Answer 16

fixed point, in the human body it is the JOINT

Question 17

force in body

Answer 17

muscle that is moving

Question 18

resistance

Answer 18

the load the force must overcome in order to move, the parts of the body that is moving + gravity + anything being lifted

Question 19

force arm

Answer 19

perpendicular distance or length between line of force and axis, distance between the joint and the muscle attachment

Question 20

resistance arm

Answer 20

perpendicular distance between line or resistance and axis, determines type of lever

Question 21

first class lever

Answer 21

axis is located between force and resistance (seesaw)

F A R

Question 22

second class lever

Answer 22

axis at 1 end, resistance in middle, force at other end (wheelbarrow)

A R F

Question 23

third class lever

Answer 23

axis at one end, force in the middle, resistance at the other end

A F R

Question 24

force arm rule of thumb

Answer 24

the longer the force arm (lever arm) the less resistance you will need to apply

Question 25

fixed pulleys

Answer 25

changes the direction of the force (line of pull)

Question 26

inclined plane

Answer 26

no examples in human body, (W/C ramps), increased distance requires less force