Chapter 5 Nervous, Muscular, and Skeletal Systems Flashcards
(41 cards)
Central Nervous System (CNS)
consists of brain and spinal cord, primary function is to coordinate the activity of all parts of the body
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
consists of nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body and the external environment
Afferent pathway
sensory pathway
Efferent pathway
motor pathway
Mechanoreceptors
a sensory receptor: respond to mechanical forces (touch & pressure) within tissues and then transmit signals through sensory nerves
Somatic Nervous System
nerves that serve the outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle and are largely responsible for the voluntary control of movement
Autonomic Nervous System
supplies neural input to organs that run the involuntary processes of the bodyS
Sympathetic Nervous System
works to increase neural activity and put the body in a heightened state
Parasympathetic nervous system
works to decrease neural activity and put the body in a more relaxed state
Proprioception
the bodies ability to naturally sense its general orientation and relative position of its parts
Muscle spindles
sensory receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change
Goli tendon organ (GTO)
specialized sensory receptor located at the point where skeletal muscle fibers insert into the tendons of skeletal muscle
Neuroplasticity
concept that the brain will continually change/grow, reforming neural pathways throughout an individual’s entire life span
Neurocircuitry
the interconnection of neurons in the brain and spinal cord
Axial skeleton
made of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column
Appendicular skeleton
made of the arms, legs, and pelvis girdle
Long bones examples
Humerus (upper arm) Femur (thigh)
Short bones examples
Carpals of wrists and Tarsals of ankles
Flat bones examples
Scapulae (shoulder blades) Ribs, Cranial (skull)
Irregular bones examples
Vertebrae, Sacrum, Coccyx, certain facial bones
Sesamoid bones examples
Patella (kneecap)
Concave
hollowed or rounded inward (cervical and lumbar curve)
Convex
curved or rounded outward (thoracic curve)
Vertebral column bones in order from top to bottom
Cervical spine (C1-C7), Thoracic spine (T1-T12), Lumbar spine (L1-L5), Sacrum, Coccyx
