Chapter 5 Questions Flashcards
Organized beliefs we have about stimuli in our social world are known as ____ .
schemas
What topic do people spend the greatest amount of time thinking about?
People
Which of the following is NOT one of the elements that distinguishes automatic from deliberate processes? Awareness, efficiency, effort, relevance
relevance
During their first year of medical school, many medical students begin to think that they and other people they know are suffering from serious illness. This phenomenon, known as the medical student syndrome, is probably due to ____ .
priming
You and I work on a joint project, and it succeeds. In describing our relative contributions to the project, you assume that your contribution is greater than mine, but I assume that my contribution is greater than yours. This illustrates the ____
self-serving bias
Jose reads Sabrina’s essay that strongly supports capital punishment. Jose knows that Sabrina had been assigned the task of writing the essay favoring capital punishment by her debate teacher. Jose is likely to determine what/if anything about Sabrina?
He is likely to believe that Sabrina does, at least to some extent, favor capital punishment.
Which of the following is NOT an explanation given for the fundamental attribution error?
A. Behavior is more noticeable that situational factors.
B. People assign insufficient weight to situational causes even when they are made aware of them.
C. People are cognitive misers.
D. People are high in need for cognition.
D. People are high in need for cognition
According to Bertram Malle, what is the most important dimension people use when making attributions about the behavior of others?
Intentional/accidental
The strategy of judging the likelihood of things by how well they match particular prototypes constitutes the ____ heuristic.
representativeness
People’s greater fear of flying than of driving can probably best be explained by the ____ heuristic.
availability
“If only I hadn’t driven home from work using a different route,” thinks Minh, “then my car would not have been hit in the rear by that other driver!” Minh’s statement most clearly reflects ____ .
counterfactual thinking
Masako asked two friends to estimate the number of people living in Tokyo. The correct answer, as of 2019, is about 14 million. She asked the first friend whether it was more or less than 8 million. She asked the second friend whether it was more or less than 20 million. The first friend guessed 10 million people, whereas the second friend guessed 18 million people. The difference in estimates can best be explained using the ____ heuristic.
anchoring and adjustment
The current view of attributions assumes that people try to explain the behavior of others they start by focusing on ____ actions.
intended versus unintended
Which of the following standard views of heuristic thinking may be incorrect based on the current evidence?
a. automatic
b. effortless
c. flawed
d. quick
c. flawed
According to the standard view, people think in order to find ____ .
the truth
