Chapter 5 Review Science

Question 1

Evolutionary hypothesis stating that all the universe’s matter energy, and space existed in a dense and extremely hot point that suddenly began to rapidly expand, eventually forming the universe known today.

Answer 1

Big Bang

Question 2

Principle that natural laws in operation today have existed throughout the earth’s history

Answer 2

Principle of uniformity

Question 3

Distortion of the principle of uniformity that claims understanding modern geological processes is the key to understanding the earth’s geological historyp

Answer 3

Uniformitarianism

Question 4

Idea that one or more catastrophes are primarily responsible for the earth’s geological features

Answer 4

Catastrophism

Question 5

Branch of geology that studies fossils

Answer 5

Paleontology

Question 6

Hypothetical timescale used to summarize and graphically illustrate the evolutionary idea of Earth’s history

Answer 6

Geologic Column

Question 7

Any fossil considered by evolutionists to be characteristic of a specific range of time and used to identify rock layers in the field

Answer 7

Index Fossil

Question 8

Logic error in which the “proof” of an idea depends on the assumption that the idea is true

Answer 8

Circular Reasoning

Question 9

Amount of time needed for half of a radioactive parent element to decay into its daughter element

Answer 9

Half-Life

Question 10

Gap formed when continuous strata are missing one or more layers required by the geologic column

Answer 10

Unconformity

Question 11

Situation in which an organism shows no change between its appearance in the fossil record and at the present day

Answer 11

Stasis

Question 12

Idea that the fittest and strongest members of each species were more likely to survive and reproduce than weaker, poorly adapted members

Answer 12

Natural Selection

Question 13

Evolutionary hypothesis that new kinds of organism are a result of rapid genetic changes that supposedly bring about a new organism in a very short time

Answer 13

Punctuated equilibrium

Question 14

Biological classification of man

Answer 14

Homo sapiens

Question 15

Small ape that was once thought by evolutionists to be an early link in the supposed genealogy of man, but is actually similar to modern orangutans

Answer 15

Ramapithecus

Question 16

Supposed human evolutionary ancestor, said to have evolved from the Australopithecus

Answer 16

Homo habilis

Question 17

Homo habilis skull that was crushed so badly that scientist cannot be sure of its exact features

Answer 17

Skull 1470

Question 18

“Missing link” in the supposed evolution of man that was discovered in southwest France but was later admitted by evolutionists to be a modern human.

Answer 18

Cro-Magnon man

Question 19

The geologists who popularized the idea of uniformitarianism

Answer 19

Charles Lyell

Question 20

The scientists who first suggested that many catastrophes have shaped Earth’s geological features

Answer 20

George Cuvier

Question 21

Five main types of fossils

Answer 21

Petrified fossil
Mold fossil
Print fossil
Resin fossil
whole-specimen fossil

Question 22

Four divisions of the geologic column, in order from largest to smallest

Answer 22

Eon
Era
Period
Epoch

Question 23

A radiometric dating method used on organic materials

Answer 23

Carbon-14 dating

Question 24

The term for fossils that extend through several rock layers

Answer 24

Polystrate Fossils

Question 25

A deep-sea fish considered a living fossil

Answer 25

Coelacanth

Question 26

The most famous australopithecine fossil

Answer 26

Australopithecus Afarensis (LUCY)

Question 27

The "human ancestor" developed from a tooth of an extinct pig

Answer 27

Nebraska Man (Hesperopithecus Haroldcookii)

Question 28

Define Special Creation

Answer 28

The biblical principle of origins (States that God called the universe into existence out of nothing and made complex living organisms out of simple materials)

Question 29

What are two categories of evolution?

Answer 29

Biological evolution, Cosmic evolution

Question 30

Why is theistic evolution not a biblical view?

Answer 30

It is not a compatible with the biblical record.

Question 31

Can evolution be proven? Why or Why Not?

Answer 31

No; science cannot make authoritative statements about the origin of the Earth

Question 32

When Cristhian believes in special creation, on what do they base their faith?

Answer 32

The Bible

Question 33

What principle states that the natural laws in operation today have existed throughout the earth's history?

Answer 33

Principle of uniformity

Question 34

When did the Flood most likely occur?

Answer 34

Fewer than 5000-6000 years ago

Question 35

Give three reasons why the Flood could not have been local?

Answer 35

1 A local flood could not have covered the high hills and mountains without spilling over onto the rest of the earth. 2 If the Flood were local, Noah and the animals could have traveled to another area to avoid the floodwaters. 3 A local flood could not have accomplished God's Words "to destroy all flesh" (Gen. 6:17). 4 A local flood cannot explain the earth's many geological features.

Question 36

Define uniformitarianism

Answer 36

The belief that every natural process has been operating in the same manner and at the same rate throughout Earth's History

Question 37

Who popularized the idea of biological evolution ?

Answer 37

Charles Darwin

Question 38

What branch of science deals with the study of fossils?

Answer 38

Paleontology

Question 39

What is the geologic column?

Answer 39

The hypothetical timescale used by evolutionists to summarize and illustrate their idea of earth's history.

Question 40

Define Eon

Answer 40

The first and largest division of the geologic column is supposed to be able to prove evolution

Question 41

How is the geologic column an example of circular reasoning?

Answer 41

The geologic column is based on the theory of evolution, even though the geologic column is supposed to be able to prove evolution.

Question 42

What term refers to a misplaced fossil?

Answer 42

Anomaly

Question 43

What type of materials would scientist date with the carbon-14 method?

Answer 43

Organic materials (considered to be less than 50 000 years old on the evolutionary timescale).

Question 44

What type of materials would scientist date with the carbon-14 method?

Answer 44

Organic materials (considered to be less than 50 000 years old on the evolutionary timescale).

Question 45

Why does the very existence of a fossil imply catastrophic burial?

Answer 45

For a Fossil to form, it must be buried quickly before it decays, and its bones are scattered or decomposed.

Question 46

How do mas sedimentary graves indicate a quick deposition?

Answer 46

The conditions in which these graveyards are found indicate that the bones were buried in a rapid, violent event.

Question 47

What is a prostrate fossil?

Answer 47

A fossil that extends through multiple strata.

Question 48

Define unconformity.

Answer 48

The Gap when one or more layers predicted by the geologic column are missing.

Question 49

What living fossil was once thought to be the ancestor of the first amphibians?

Answer 49

coelacanth

Question 50

What living fossil was once thought to be the ancestor of the first amphibians?

Answer 50

coelacanth

Question 51

What is an intermediate? Have any been discovered?

Answer 51

Fossils that show signs of evolving from one kind to another; no

Question 52

What fossil is sometimes considered by evolutionists to be an intermediate between reptiles and birds?

Answer 52

Archaeopteryx

Question 53

Define natural selection.

Answer 53

The idea that the fittest and strongest of each species were more likely to survive and reproduce than weaker, poorly adapted members.

Question 54

Explain the punctuated equilibrium hypothesis.

Answer 54

New kinds of organism are the result of rapid genetic changes that supposedly bring about a new organism in a very short time.

Question 55

Define Cranial Capacity.

Answer 55

The volume of the cranium (part of the skull that contains the brain).

Question 56

What is the most famous Australopithecus aphaeresis fossil.

Answer 56

Lucy

Question 57

Into what classification do evolutionists place java man and Peking man?

Answer 57

Homo erectus

Question 58

List three reasons why the hypothesis of evolution is a failure.

Answer 58

It is contradicted by the evidence It is based on faulty theories It is based on circular reasoning