Chapter 5 - Social Identity, Personality & Gender

Question 1

self-awareness

Answer 1

The ability to identify oneself as an individual, to reflect on oneself, and to evaluate oneself.

Question 2

naming ceremony

Answer 2

A special event or ritual to mark the naming of a child.

Question 3

personality

Answer 3

The distinctive way a person thinks, feels and behaves.

Question 4

dependence training

Answer 4

Child rearing practice that fosters compliance in the performance of assigned tasks and dependence on the domestic group, rather than reliance on oneself.

Question 5

independence training

Answer 5

Child rearing practice that fosters independence, self-reliance, and personal achievement.

Question 6

modal personality

Answer 6

Those character traits that occur with the highest frequency in a social group and are therefore the most representative of its culture.

Question 7

core values

Answer 7

Those values especially promoted by a particular culture.

Question 8

intersexual

Answer 8

A person born with reproductive organs, genitalia and/or sex chromosomes that are not exclusively male or female.

Question 9

transgenders

Answer 9

People who cross over or occupy an alternative position in the binary male-female gender construction.

Question 10

culture-bound syndrome

Answer 10

A mental disorder specific to a particular culture group; also known as ethnic psychosis.

Question 11

The first agents of _________ in all societies are the members of the household into which a person is born.

Answer 11

enculturation

Question 12

__________ _________ are important devices for self definition in all cultures.

Answer 12

personal names

Question 13

The physical environment varies in the way it is _______ and _______ by individuals, for the environment is organized culturally and mediated symbolically through ________.

Answer 13

perceived; experienced; language.

Question 14

Enculturation begins with the development of ________.

Answer 14

self-awareness

Question 15

The traditional term used in older case studies to refer to a third-gender individual is “berdache;” the currently accepted term is___________.

Answer 15

two-spirits

Question 16

The anthropologist ______ ______ did the seminal cross-cultural work on personality and gender.

Answer 16

Margaret Mead

Question 17

Horticultural and pastoral societies are more likely to use ______________ ___________ when raising their children.

Answer 17

dependency training

Question 18

In the U.S., parents use _____________ for raising their children.

Answer 18

combined dependency/independence training

Question 19

________________ said that the purpose of anthropology is “to make the world safe for human differences.”

Answer 19

Ruth Benedict

Question 20

____________________ are thought to have special curing powers and have enjoyed prestige within their communities.

Answer 20

Third gender

Question 21

An alternative approach to describing the national character of a particular culture is the study of _________, by which anthropologists identify the values and related personality traits especially promoted by a particular culture.

Answer 21

core values

Question 22

When Heinrich Baumgarten arrived at Ellis Island, the immigration agent didn’t know how to spell his name so he wrote down Henry Baum instead. This is an example of _______.

Answer 22

name loss

Question 23

After _________ won the 800 meter race at the World Championship in Berlin in 2009, tests revealed that she had internal male sex organs; this incident propelled a transgendered individual into the public spotlight.

Answer 23

Caster Semenya

Question 24

In order for self-awareness to emerge and function, you need a basic orientation in order to structure the psychological field in which the self acts. Which of the following is NOT a basic orientation for self-awareness?

a) object orientation
b) spatial orientation
c) temporal orientation
d) normative orientation
e) personality orientation

Answer 24

personality orientation

Question 25

Intersexuality may be unusual but is not uncommon. In fact, more than ______ people are intersexed in some way.

Answer 25

70 million

Question 26

What is the average percentage of time an infant spends with its mother in a American Household?

Answer 26

20%

Question 27

Moral values, ideas, and principles are characteristics of what part of the behavioral environment?

Answer 27

normative orientation

Question 28

An adult with androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) since birth has:

Answer 28

XY sex chromosome of a male with an abnormality on the X chromosome

Question 29

People born with reproductive organs, genitalia and/or sex chromosomes that are NOT exclusively male of female are referred to as:

Answer 29

intersexuals

Question 30

What orientation is NOT needed for self-awareness to emerge and function?

Answer 30

behavioral motivation

Question 31

Anthropologically speaking, normality and abnormality are:

Answer 31

behaviors that are defined by each particular culture.

Question 32

The process by which culture is passed from one generation to the next and through which individuals become members of their society is known as:

Answer 32

enculturation

Question 33

Transgenders are:

Answer 33

people who cross over or occupy a culturally accepted intermediate position in the binary male-female gender construction.

Question 34

In the US, it seems that our society is geared toward the focus on competition, popularity, academic achievement, and overall success. Which type of development training fosters these ideas

Answer 34

independence training.

Question 35

Which of the following is an example of culture bound syndrome? a) windigo b) schizophrenia c) anorexia nervosa d) all of the above e) none of the above

Answer 35

all of the above

Question 36

Which culture-bound syndrome is now no longer tied to a specific culture?

Answer 36

bulimia and anorexia

Question 37

Moral values, ideas, and principles are solely cultural in their origin and are an essential part of a person's behavioral environment. Without them, no one would be able to measure their own actions or those of others. This is an example of:

Answer 37

normative orientation

Question 38

Are we born with a specific personality?

Answer 38

No

Question 39

At the levels of chromosomes, biological sex is determined according to whether a person's 23rd chromosomal set is XX or XY. In some cases, however, individuals are born with a genetic mutation that gives biological females only one X chromosome instead of 2. This person usually develops external female genitalia, but has nonfunctional ovaries and is infertile. This syndrome is known as:

Answer 39

Turner syndrome

Question 40

Why are names significant?

Answer 40

* Names represent a cultural self * Names are linked to identity politics * Names reflect assimilation * Names reflect a tie to ancestral beliefs.

Question 41

Who defines what is considered normal behavior in a particular society?

Answer 41

each particular society

Question 42

Why do most cultures think naming children is important?

Answer 42

Without a name, a person has no identity of self.

Question 43

People who cross over or occupy a culturally accepted intermediate position in the binary male-female gender construction are known as:

Answer 43

transgenders

Question 44

If your family lived by subsistence farming, which type of child rearing would be most likely?

Answer 44

dependence training

Question 45

Personal names are important devices for self definition in all cultures. It is through naming that a social group acknowledges a child's birthright and establishes it's:

Answer 45

social identity

Question 46

Which societies recognize third-gender individuals?

Answer 46

* Samoan * Indian (Asia) * Tagalog speaking Filipinos * Native Americans

Question 47

Studying twins help anthropologists and psychologists understand aspects of the development of an individuals:

Answer 47

personality.

Question 48

In addition to genetics and environment, what else plays a part in the development of personality and social identity?

Answer 48

sex and gender

Question 49

Cultures around the world have different perspectives on many things. The way to understand these different views is to take a(n)_________ perspective.

Answer 49

cultural-relativist

Question 50

What is object orientation?

Answer 50

An awareness of the world of objects other than self.

Question 51

What is spatial orientation?

Answer 51

the ability to get from one place or object to another.

Question 52

What is temporal orientation?

Answer 52

the ability to connect past actions with those in the present or future.

Question 53

What is normative orientation?

Answer 53

an understanding of moral values, ideas, and principals that are purely cultural in origin.