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Psych 202 > Chapter 5: States of Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 5: States of Consciousness Flashcards

(82 cards)

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1
Q

What are the properties related to the nature of consciousness?

A

intentionality, unity, selectivity, transience

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2
Q

intentionality

A

awareness is directed towards something

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3
Q

unity

A

the ability to integrate information from all of the body’s sense into one coherent whole

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4
Q

selectivity

A

focus on some things but not others

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5
Q

cocktail party phenomenon

A

when our attention shifts when someone grabs our attention shifts

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6
Q

minimal consciousness

A

low level sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behavior

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7
Q

full consciousness

A

you are aware and alert to report your mental state

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8
Q

self-consciousness

A

where a person’s attention is drawn to the self as an object

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9
Q

what controls circadian rhythms

A

hypothalamus

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10
Q

melatonin

A

a hormone that gets secreted in response to darkness which causes us to feel tired

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11
Q

circadian rhythm

A

changes in energy level, mood, and efficiency through the day

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12
Q

What are the stages of sleep?

A

3 successive stages of non-REM sleep plus REM sleep

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13
Q

waves when awake

A

beta waves

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14
Q

waves when drowsy

A

alpha waves

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15
Q

waves in stage 1

A

theta waves

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16
Q

waves in stage 2

A

sleep spindles, K complexes

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17
Q

waves in stage 3

A

delta waves

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18
Q

waves in REM sleep

A

fast, random waves (sawtooth waves), beta activity

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19
Q

REM sleep

A

paradoxical sleep with rapid eye movement and signals from the motor cortex are blocked

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20
Q

What happens when you deprive REM sleep?

A

impair memory formation

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21
Q

REM rebound

A

a person temporarily receives more REM sleep than they normally would

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22
Q

What happens when you deprive Non-REM sleep?

A

lethargy, depression, increase sensitivity to pain

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23
Q

What are the effects of sleep deprivation?

A

causes lapses in attention, irritability, hand tremors, weight gain, depression, increased mortality

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24
Q

insomnia

A

difficulty in falling asleep and staying asleep

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25
somnambulism
walking in sleep during N3 sleep
26
nightmares
during REM sleep, disturbing dreams
27
night terrors
abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal
28
narcolepsy
a disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities
29
narcolepsy
a disorder in which sudden sleep attacks osccur in the middle of waking activities
30
sleep apnea
when people stop breathing during the night
31
What are the theories related to why we sleep?
restorative theory, circadian rhythm theory, consolidation theory, synaptic homeostasis hypothesis
32
restorative theory
allows us to recover from the day
33
circadian rhythm theory
we go to sleep because it kept us out of danger
34
consolidation theory
sleep allows us to review and store the information during the day
35
synaptic homeostasis hypothesis
sleep allows us to filter out unimportant synaptic connections
36
dreams during NREM sleep
fleeting thoughts and images, less common
37
dreams during REM sleep
more vivid and elaborate, more common
38
How does our sleep pattern change throughout the night?
REM sleep increases and deep sleep decreases
39
What are the theories related to why we dream?
Freudian Theory, Problem solving of dreams for survival theory, dreams facilitating memory storage, activation synthesis model
40
Freudian Theory
manifest (what happens in the dream) and latent content (what the meaning is)
41
Problem solving or dreams-for-survival theory
opportunity for us to struggle with problems we are currently working on
42
Activation synthesis model
random neuronal activity, our brains are always active Theory by Hobson and McCarley
43
Psychoactive Drugs
Chemicals that alter our consciousness, perceptions, moods, thoughts, and behaviors
44
The factors that make drugs influential
tolerance, physical dependence, psychological dependence
45
tolerance
the phenomenon when an individual needs greater and greater amounts to achieve the high
46
physical dependence
withdrawal symptoms that occur when you do not take the substance
47
psychological dependence
feeling unable to cope with certain situations without substance
48
What are the factors that influence of the development of dependence?
route of administration, rate of action, length of action
49
route of administration
how does it get into CNS
50
rate of action
how quickly does it get into CNS
51
length of action
how long does it act for
52
the disease model of addiction
addictions are seen as biologically based
53
the life-process model
understand addiction in the context of relationship and experiences
54
learning perspective
feels good, avoid pain, allows us to do better
55
psychodynamic perspective
we turn to substances to make up for something that is missing
56
social perspective
used in social environment, social pressures
57
cognitive perspective
becomes an automatic process
58
Types of psychoactive drugs
depressants, stimulants, narcotics, hallucinogens
59
depressants
substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system
60
Expectancy theory
individuals have certain expectations about what alcohol will do, then act in accordance with them
61
alcohol myopia
reduces ability to think with complexity
62
side effects of alcohol
interferes with coordination (cerebellum), antagonizing glutamate
63
Stimulants
substances that excite the central nervous system, heightening arousal and activity levels
64
caffeine
type of stimulant increases heart rate, raises blood pressure
65
nicotine
type of stimulant increases heart rate, increase alertness and concentration
66
narcotics
highly addictive drugs derived from opium that relieve pain
67
hallucinogens
alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations
68
alcohol
type of depressant
69
ecstasy (MDMA)
type of stimulant releases a lot serotonin and causes the cells to die out
70
marijuana
type of hallucinogen causes motivational syndrome, causes depression, increased risk of psychosis, increased risk of addiction of other substances
71
phenomenology
how things seem to the conscious person
72
problem of other minds
the fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others.
73
mind–body problem
the issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body
74
mental control
the attempt to change conscious states of mind
75
thought suppression
the conscious avoidance of a thought
76
rebound effect of thought suppression
the tendency of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression
77
ironic processes of mental control
ironic errors occur because the mental process that monitors errors can itself produce them
78
dynamic unconscious
an active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person’s deepest instincts and desires, and the person’s inner struggle to control these forces
79
repression
a mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness and keeps them in the unconscious
80
cognitive unconscious
All the mental processes that give rise to a person’s thoughts, choices, emotions, and behavior even though they are not experienced by the person
81
altered state of consciousness
a form of experience that departs significantly from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind
82
Five characteristics of dream consciousness
emotion, illogical thought, sensation, uncritical acceptance, difficulty remembering after the dream is over

Psych 202 (14 decks)

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