Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Mother-Infant > Chapter 5: STIs > Flashcards

Chapter 5: STIs Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 curable STIs?

A

Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Trichomoniasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are 4 incurable STIs?

A

Hepatitis B
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What infections are characterized by vaginal discharge?

A

Vaginal Candidiasis
Trichomoniasis
Bacterial Vaginosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What infections are characterized by cervicitis?

A

Chlamydia
Gonorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What infections are characterized by genital ulcers?

A

Herpes simplex virus
Syphilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the vaccine preventable STIs?

A

Hepatitis A, hepatitis B and HPV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the nurse’s primary role in managing vaginitis?

A

The nurse should aim to educate and do primary prevention to limit the recurrences and infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the first step in primary prevention for women at risk for an STI?

A

Changing the sexual behaviors that may place a woman at risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Candidiasis is one of the most common causes for what?

A

Vaginal discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Is candidiasis an STI? Why?

A

It is not. It is one of the most common causes for vaginal discharge but it is not an STI

It is not an STI because candida, is a normal part of the vaginal flora. It only becomes pathologic when the vaginal environment becomes altered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the typical pharmacological tx for vaginal candidiasis?

A

Topical azole preps (miconazole, clotrimazole, terconazole)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some pre-disposing factors that can lead to vaginal candiasis?

A

-Abx tx
-Pregnancy
-Obesity
-DM
-Use of steroids or immunosuppressive drugs
-Wearing tight restrictive clothes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of (VC)

A

-Vaginal discharge (thick, white, curd-like)
-Vaginal soreness
-Pruritus
-Vulvar burning
-External dysuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What examination can confirm the presence of (VC) ?

A

Speculum exam will reveal white plaques on the vaginal walls and a wet smear can reveal filamentous hyphae and spores of a fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some nursing management strategies for women with (VC)

A

-Limit simple sugars and soda
-Wear white, 100% cotton underwear
-Avoid bubble baths
-Avoid vaginal sprays/deodorants
-Avoid douching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is trichomoniasis?

A
  • Most common NONVIRAL STI in the US
  • Causes vaginal discharge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How else can trichomoniasis be transmitted if not sexually?

A

Organism can live on damp/wet surfaces that are poorly cleaned and mantained. Like hottubs or drains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some symptoms for trichomoniasis?

A
  • Vulvar itching
  • Foamy, bubbly, frothy, malodorous vaginal discharge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What effects can this have on the baby if the mother is pregnant and infcted w/ trichomoniasis?

A

Preterm birth and postpartmu endometritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the pharmacological tx for trichomoniasis?

A

Single dose of oral metronidazole or tinidazole

This is an abx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Clinical manifestations of trichomonisis?

A
  • Foamy, bubbly, frothy green/gray vaginal discharge
  • Vulvar itching and soreness
  • Cervix may bleed on contact
  • Dysuria
  • Petechiae on the cervix
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How can we dx trichomoniasis?

A

We can dx w/ cultures and view them under the microscope. A vaginal pH level of 4.5 is also typical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Bacterial Vaginosis?

A

Most prevalent cause of vaginal discharge or malodor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why is BV not considered bacterial vaginitis?

A

BV does not usually present w/ inflammation, redness, swelling of the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How does bacterial vaginosis happen?
It is a sexually associated infx that is characterized by alterations in the vaginal flora where lactobacilli is replaced by high concentrations of anaerobic bacteria
26
What are some factors that may alter the lactobacilli concentration in the vagina that may lead to BV?
Not fully understood but generally beleived that it is d/t * Multiple sex partners * douching * lack of vaginal lactobacilli
27
What effect to BV have on the pregnant woman?
* Preterm labor * Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) * Chorioamnionitis * Postpartum endometiris * PID
28
What is the pharmacological tx for BV
Metronidazole (oral or gel) Clindamycin cream
29
What is cervicitis usually caused by?
Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
30
What is most commonly reported bacterial STI in the US?
Chlamydia
31
Highest predictor for chlamydia infection is what?
Age group! ## Footnote It is noted that the highest rates of infection w/ chlamydia is in the age group of 15-19 years
32
Describe common risk factors associated w/ chlamydia
1. Being age less than 25 2. Recent change in sex partners 3. Multiple sex partners 4. Lack of use of barrier contraceptives 5. Nonwhite race 6. Single status
33
Chlamydia can present with symptoms, but most often than not it is _______
Asymptomatic
34
In women, chlamydia is linked with what abnormal conditions?
* Cervicitis * Salpingitis * Ectopic pregnancy * PID * Infertility
35
This type of bacterial inx causes half of the 1 million recognized cases of PID
Chlamydia
36
If a mother is infx w/ chlamydia during pregnancy, what effects can this have on the newborn?
The baby will be born with conjuctivitis or opthalmia neonatum
37
Chlamydia is one of the 4 STI's that can be treated. How is it treated?
Abx tx like doxycycline
38
It is recommended to test and to tx chlamydia along w/ what other curable STI?
Gonorrhea ## Footnote Common coinfection w/ chlamydia and gonorrhea is frequently seen
39
Clinical manifestations of chlamydia?
* Vaginal discharge * Urethritis * Bartholonitis * Endometritis
40
How is chlamydia dx'd?
Through urine testing or swabs of the endocervix or vagina
41
Second most commonly bacterial infx reported in the US?
Gonorrhea
42
What does gonorrhea increase the risk of?
* Pid * Infertility * Ectopic pregnancy * HIV acquisition
43
Gonorrhea can affect the baby in what ways?
Baby can be born with Opthalmia neonatorum
44
What complications can arise from neonatorum opthalmia?
* Blindness * Joint infection * Blood infection
45
How is gonorrhea treated?
W/ dual therapy that can help w/ preventing drug resistance and also have it be effective against chlamydia
46
How can gonococcal opthalmia neonatorum be prevented?
Instilling prophylactic agent in the eyes of all newborns. This is required by law in most states
47
How can gonorrhea cause PID?
Untreated gonorrhea can ascend through the endocervical canal to the endometrium of the uterus, where it then travels to the fallopian tubes and into the peritoneal cavity. If the ovaries become involved then it becomes PID
48
How does dessiminated gonoccoal gonorrheal infx happen?
If it is left untreated, it can enter the bloodstream and infect joints, heart, brain, and liver
49
When should pregnant women be tested for gonorrhea?
Screened at first prenatal visits and at 36 weeks gestation
50
What are two types of Genital Herpes Simplex Virus?
1. HSV-1: oral, fever blisters 2. HSV-2: genital HSV
51
How is HSV transmitted?
Contact w/ mucous membranes or breaks in the skin of visible or nonvisible lesions
52
What causes recurrent genital herpes outbreaks? What triggers them?
* Stressful situations * Menses * Sexual intercourse * Most often....nothing
53
How can HSV affect newborns
Causes neonatal herpes which can lead to mortality and morbidity
54
How is HSV treated?
There is no cure but antiviral drugs can be used to manage herpes
55
Syphilis is what?
A chronic, multistage bacterial infection that is curable ## Footnote Sexually transmitted and/or congenitally from an infected mother to her fetus
56
Why is syphilis of such concern?
Because of its biologic realtionship w/ HIV acquisition and transmission and the impact on infant health
57
How is syphilis treated?
Benzathine penicillin G, IM injection ## Footnote NO injection to prevent syphillis, but there is a cure for it
58
What are the effects of syphilis on a baby?
* Spontaneous birth * low birth rate * fetal growth restriction * stillbirth * multisystem heart failure * structural bone damage and nervous system involvement of mental retardation
59
What are the mosti nfectious stages of syphilis?
* Primary * Secondary * Early latent
60
What is characteristic of a primary stage of syphilis?
* Chancres (painless ulcers) * Painless bilateral adenopathy ## Footnote They usually disappear 1-6 weeks w/o intervention
61
What is characteristic of a secondary stage of syphilis?
* Flu like symptoms * Maculopapular rash ## Footnote Lasts about 2 years
62
What is characteristic of a latency stage of syphilis?
Nothing. Asysmptomatic ## Footnote Serological tests still positiive for syphilis. Can las 20 years
63
What is characteristic of a tertiary (late) stage of syphilis?
Life threatening heart disease and neurologic disease
64
What is the most effective way of controlling PID?
STI tx and prevention because it is d/t polybacterials ascending the upepr female reproductive tract ## Footnote Usually caused by gonorrha and chlamydia
65
How would you treat PID?
W/ the proper antibiotic treatment to eradicate all bacterial infections.
66
What are some vaccine preventable STIs?
* HAV * HBV * HPV
67
Most common viral infection in the US
HPV
68
What are the main s/s of HPV
* Genital warts or condylomata
69
HPV is important in terms of its implications in the health of people infected w/ it because....
HPV is the cause of essentially all cases of cervical, vuvlar, vaginal, penile, anal and oropharyngeal cancers
70
What clinical exam can help detect the cellular changes assocaited HPV
Pap smears
71
There is no tx for HPV, so what is the main focus for HCP?
Main focus is the promotion of the vaccine and to prevent infection through education
72
The vaccine for HPV is primary intervention. What if she does not want or does not receive the vaccine?
The nurse would move to secondary prevention where the promotion of regular pap smears and education would take forefront
73
How is hepatitis A transmitted?
Fecal-orally w/ an infected person but also through infected shellfish from contaminated waters, or from food handled by a hepatitis carrier w/ poor hygiene
74
What are the s/s for HAV?
Flu like symptoms, malaise, skin rashes, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, fever, and RUQ pain
75
Best way to prevent HAV?
Vaccination
76
Best nursing education for HPV?
* Gardasil 9 vaccine * Regular pap-smears * Teach women link between HPV and cervical cancer * Safe sex practices
77
Bacterial vaginosis may cause women to be susceptible to what?
Other STIs

Mother-Infant (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions