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KAMSC Honors Biology Chapters 2-9 > Chapter 5 Study Guide > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What is a population?

A

A group of individuals of the same species living in one place at one time.

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2
Q

What is demography?

A

The statistical study of all populations

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3
Q

What is population size?

A

The number of individuals in a population.

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4
Q

What is population density?

A

The number of individuals that live in a given area.

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5
Q

What is dispersion?

A

The way individuals are arranged in space.

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6
Q

What is a population model?

A

A hypothetical population that attempts to exhibit the key characteristics of a real population.

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7
Q

What is growth rate?

A

The rate at which the population grows or shrinks.

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8
Q

What is exponential growth?

A

When populations grow uncontrollably.

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9
Q

What does the exponential growth graph look like?

A

J Curve.

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10
Q

What is the carrying capacity?

A

When growth slows and the population is stable. (Max amount of individuals.)

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11
Q

What are density-dependent factors?

A

Limited resources that are depleted because a population is too large.

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12
Q

What are some examples of limiting factors?

A

Competition, predation, parasitism, and disease.

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13
Q

What is an example of predation?

A

The Isle Royale moose/wolf relationship.

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14
Q

What are density-independent factors?

A

Uncontrollable environmental or human conditions that are random.

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15
Q

What are rapidly growing populations called?

A

r-strategists

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16
Q

What are some rapidly growing population characteristics?

A

Populations grow exponentially
Short life spans
Reproduce early in life
Many offspring

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17
Q

What are some rapidly growing populations examples?

A

Bacteria, plants, many insects, etc.

18
Q

What are rapidly growing populations’ offspring like?

A

Small
Mature rapidly without parents

19
Q

What are slowly growing populations called?

A

K-strategist

20
Q

What are some slowly growing population characteristics?

A

Populations usually near carrying capacity
Long life span
Reproduce later in life
Few offspring

21
Q

What are some slowly growing populations examples?

A

Whales, bears, tigers, etc.

22
Q

What are slowly growing populations’ offspring like?

A

Large
Slow maturing process

23
Q

What are slowly growing populations’ environments like?

A

Stable environments
Populations are likely to go extinct if their environment is threatened.

24
Q

Do populations generally tend to increase with time?

A

Yes.

25
Q

When did the human population begin to exponentially increase?

A

500 years ago.

26
Q

How did the human population begin to increase?

A

Decrease in illness, and increase in technology such as agriculture, industrial, sanitation, and medical.

27
Q

What does demography do for humans?

A

Allows us to study the structure of the human population by examining birthrates, death rates, and age structure.

28
Q

What is age structure?

A

The number of individuals at each age level.

29
Q

What is an age structure diagram?

A

A diagram that shows the age structure of a population.

30
Q

What is the three different groups of an age structure diagram?

A

Pre-reproductive age, reproductive age, and post-reproductive age.

31
Q

What are the four types of age structure diagrams?

A

Increasing rapidly, increasing slowly, stable, and decreasing?

32
Q

What does an increasing rapidly graph look like?

A

Lots on the bottom, very little on the top.

33
Q

What does an increasing slowly graph look like?

A

More towards the bottom, enough to look like a pyramid.

34
Q

What does a stable graph look like?

A

Same amount all the way up, with a little less on top.

35
Q

What does a decreasing graph look like?

A

Very little on the bottom, Lots on top.

36
Q

What is a survivorship curve?

A

Curves that represent three major kinds of age structure.

37
Q

What is Type 1 survivorship curve?

A

Convex curves. Up for long time then exponentially down very fast.

38
Q

What is Type 2 survivorship curve?

A

Straight line. Down constantly.

39
Q

What is Type 3 survivorship curve?

A

Concave curve. Down exponentially, then flat.

40
Q

What is an example of a Type 1 survivorship curve?

A

Humans and elephants.

41
Q

What is an example of a Type 2 survivorship curve?

A

Small birds and mammals.

42
Q

What is an example of a Type 3 survivorship curve?

A

Oysters, redwood trees, and snapping turtles.

KAMSC Honors Biology Chapters 2-9 (8 decks)

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