Chapter 9 Study Guide

Question 1

What is a calorie?

Answer 1

The amount of energy required to raise one gram of water by one degree Celsius.

Question 2

Which step is glycolysis in the release of energy?

Answer 2

The first step.

Question 3

After glycolysis, what can happen based on what?

Answer 3

There are two different routes, fermentation which does not require oxygen, and cellular respiration which relies on oxygen.

Question 4

Which pathway after glycolysis depends on oxygen?

Answer 4

Cellular respiration.

Question 5

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 5

The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.

Question 6

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

Answer 6

6O₂+C₆H₁₂O₆ => 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy

Question 7

What are the three stages of cellular respiration?

Answer 7

Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain.

Question 8

What is glycolysis?

Answer 8

The process where one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid.

Question 9

How many molecules of ATP are required to start the process?

Answer 9

2 ATP molecules.

Question 10

How many molecules of ATP are created from glycolysis?

Answer 10

4 ATP molecules.

Question 11

Where does NAD⁺ get its high-energy electrons from?

Answer 11

Glycolysis.

Question 12

How can ATP production stop?

Answer 12

When glycolysis generates large amounts of ATP, all of the NAD⁺ is used up to transport, and glycolysis stops.

Question 13

What is fermentation?

Answer 13

The process where energy is released from food molecules without the presence of oxygen.

Question 14

What does anaerobic mean?

Answer 14

Does not require oxygen.

Question 15

What does aerobic mean?

Answer 15

Requires oxygen.

Question 16

What are the two kinds of fermentation?

Answer 16

Alcoholic Fermentation and Lactic Acid Fermentation.

Question 17

When does Lactic Acid Fermentation occur?

Answer 17

Lactic Acid Fermentation occurs when the pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to a three-carbon lactate.

Question 18

When does Alcoholic Fermentation occur?

Answer 18

Alcoholic Fermentation occurs when the pyruvate is broken down to ethanol, which is a two-carbon compound.

Question 19

What is the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 19

The cyclic biochemical pathway of cellular respiration that uses carbon dioxide and produces ATP, NADH, and FADH₂.

Question 20

What is FADH₂?

Answer 20

An electron carrier that is produced during the Krebs cycle. Can produce two ATP molecules.

Question 21

What is NADH?

Answer 21

NADH is an electron carrier that is formed when NAD⁺ accepts a hydrogen atom’s electrons. Can produce three ATP molecules.