Chapter 5 Terms

Question 1

mediastinum

Answer 1

a boot shaped cavity in the thorax, lying between the lungs which contains the heart

Question 2

pulmonary circulation

Answer 2

arteries, veins, and other vessels to and from the lungs

Question 3

systemic circulation

Answer 3

arteries, veins, and other vessels to and from anywhere else in the body

Question 4

the four valves of the heart

Answer 4

1) aortic valve
2) mitral / bicuspid valve
3) pulmonary valve
4) tricuspid valve

Question 5

aortic valve

Answer 5

valve between the left ventricle and the aorta

Question 6

mitral / bicuspid valve

Answer 6

valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

Question 7

pulmonary valve

Answer 7

valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

Question 8

tricuspid valve

Answer 8

valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Question 9

atrium

Answer 9

each of the two upper chambers of the heart

Question 10

chordae tendineae

Answer 10

strands supporting the tricuspid/bicuspid valve leaflets

Question 11

ductus arteriosus

Answer 11

temporary vessel in the fetal heart that closes 24hr after birth

Question 12

endocardium

Answer 12

the inner most cardial layer, which lines the atria, ventricles, and the valves

Question 13

foramen ovale

Answer 13

temporary opening into the fetal heart septum, which closes 24hr after birth

Question 14

septum

Answer 14

central wall that divides the heart left and right

Question 15

apex

Answer 15

the lower tip of the heart

Question 16

myocardium

Answer 16

muscular layer of the heart

Question 17

pericardium

Answer 17

outside of the epicardium, contains the pericardial sac, filled with pericardial fluid

Question 18

visceral pericardium

Answer 18

pericardium membrane on the heart, aka the epicardium

Question 19

parietal pericardium

Answer 19

the outer wall of the pericardial sac

Question 20

ventricle

Answer 20

lower two chambers of the heart

Question 21

aorta

Answer 21

the largest artery, which receives oxygenated blood from the left ventricle

Question 22

ascending aorta

Answer 22

the aorta and aortic arch, heading up towards the neck and shoulders, which sends blood in a superior direction

Question 23

thoracic aorta

Answer 23

sends blood to the thoracic areas, turns into the abdominal aorta

Question 24

abdominal aorta

Answer 24

sends blood to the abdominopelvic areas, then lower

Question 25

arteriole

Answer 25

the smallest branch of an artery

Question 26

artery

Answer 26

carries oxygenated blood away from the body

Question 27

axillary artery

Answer 27

carries blood to the armpit area

Question 28

brachial artery

Answer 28

carries oxygenated blood to the upper arm area

Question 29

capillary

Answer 29

connects arterioles to the venules, the site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

Question 30

carotid artery

Answer 30

carries oxygenated blood to the neck, face, head, and brain

Question 31

coronary artery

Answer 31

carries oxygenated blood to the myocardium

Question 32

endothelium / intima

Answer 32

smooth inner layer of a blood vessel

Question 33

femoral artery

Answer 33

carries oxygenated blood to the upper leg

Question 34

great vessels

Answer 34

aorta, superior/inferior venae cavae, pulmonary trunk/arteries/veins

Question 35

iliac artery

Answer 35

carries oxygenated blood to the hip and groin

Question 36

jugular vein

Answer 36

carries blood from the brain to the superior vena cava

Question 37

peroneal artery

Answer 37

carries oxygenated blood to the fibula / the little toe side

Question 38

popliteal artery

Answer 38

carries oxygenated blood to the back of knees and branches off to the tibial and peroneal arteries

Question 39

portal vein

Answer 39

carries blood from the intestines to the liver

Question 40

pulmonary artery

Answer 40

carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs; the only artery to carry deoxygenated blood

Question 41

pulmonary vein

Answer 41

carries oxygenated blood to the heart; the only vein to carry oxygenated blood