Chapter 6 Terms Flashcards
Hematology
plasma
the bulk of blood, contains nutrients, substances made by the liver / glands, waste products, and is made of 90% water
albumin
a protein that keeps water from seeping out of the blood and into tissues
electrolytes
elements containing an ionic (pos/neg) charge which regulate various cardiovascular functions
hematopoiesis
process where all formed elements of the blood develop in the red marrow of long / flat bones.
hemat/o-: blood
-poiesis: process of creating
erythrocyte
a name for red blood cells (RBC). they are red due to hemoglobin, an iron-containing molecule.
hemoglobin
an iron-containing molecule which binds to and carries oxygen away from lungs and carbon dioxide to the lungs.
how are erythrocytes formed?
Stem cells in the red bone marrow form into erythroblasts, which turn into normablasts, which turn into reticulocytes, and lastly become erythrocytes.
leukocytes
white blood cell (WBC), which includes 5 types of cells
what are the 5 types of leukocytes?
- neutrophils
- eosinophils
- basophils
- lymphocytes
- monocytes
granulocyte
a type of WBC that has little granules inside of it, 3 of the 5 types of WBC are these
agranulocyte
a type of WBC that lacks granules inside of it, 2 out of 5 WBC types are these
neutrophil
a granulocyte. engulfs and destroys bacteria.
eosinophil
a granulocyte. it releases chemicals to destroy foreign cells, such as dust
basophil
a granulocyte. releases histamine at the site of an injury, and heparin to control clot size
lymphocytes
an agranulocyte. they produce antibodies, which are toxic granules to destroy infected cells. there are multiple types.
NK (natural killer) cells
a lymphocyte which recognizes a cancer cell or virus and kills it
B cell
a lymphocyte which is inactive until a monocyte gives it a pathogen fragment
T cells
a group of lymphocytes that mature in the thymus, with 4 types
cytotoxic T cell
a lymphocyte that produces toxic granules to kill infections
helper T cells
a lymphocyte that produces interleukin and stimulates the production of cytotoxic T cells
memory T cells
a lymphocyte that remembers a pathogen after helper T cell exposure and becomes a cytotoxic T cell when it returns.
aka CD4.
suppressor T cells
a lymphocyte that limits the immune response by inhibiting B/T cells.
aka CD8.
thrombocyte
platelets - cell fragments that aid in the blood clotting process
stem cell => megakaryoblast => megakaryocyte => platelet
blood type
varies based on the presence of 3 antigens on a RBC: A, B, A+B, or O, as well as the Rh factor (+ or -).
