Chapter 5 Terms: Cardiovascular System Flashcards
(74 cards)
1
Q
angi/o
A
vessel, usually blood
2
Q
aort/o
A
aorta
3
Q
arteri/o
A
artery
4
Q
ather/o
A
plaque, fatty substance
5
Q
brady
A
slow
6
Q
cardi/o
A
heart
7
Q
coron/o
A
crown, coronary
8
Q
-erythr/o
A
red
9
Q
hem/o, hemat/o, -emia
A
blood
10
Q
leuk/o
A
white
11
Q
phleb/o
A
vessel, vein
12
Q
tachy
A
fast
13
Q
thrombo
A
clot or lump
14
Q
ven/o
A
vein
15
Q
ACE inhibitor
A
blocks the action of enzyme that causes blood vessels to contract. Used to treat hypertension.
16
Q
anemia
A
lower than normal levels of RBCs causing fatigue and SOB Severity is determined based on hemoglobin levels. Less oxygen means less energy.
17
Q
aneurysm
A
localized weak spot or balloon like enlargement of the wall of an artery.
18
Q
angina
A
condition that occurs due to inadequate blood flow (ischemia) to myocardium resulting in severe chest pain. May progress into MI.
19
Q
angioplasty
A
technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel.
20
Q
anticoagulant
A
slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming.
21
Q
aplastic anemia
A
characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow.
22
Q
arrhythemia
A
loss of normal heart rhythm. Usually due to abnormality with electrical conduction.
23
Q
atherectomy
A
surgical removal or plaque buildup from the interior of an artery.
24
Q
atheroma
A
deposit of plaque, typically with atherosclerosis
25
atherosclerosis
hardening and narrowing of arteries caused by buildup of cholesterol on interior walls
26
atrial fibrillation
most common type of tachycardia. Atrial contractions are twitchy causing quivering of the atria.
27
automated external defibrillator
samples electrical rhythms and delivers shock is necessary. designed for use by nonprofessionals when defibrillation is required.
28
beta-blocker
reduces workload of the heart by slowing the heart rate. Prescribed to lower BP, relieve angina or treat heart failure.
29
blood dyscrasia
Pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood.
30
bradycardia
abnormally slow resting heart rate. HR < 60. Occurs when passage of electricity from top to bottom is obstructed.
31
cardiac arrest
event when heart abruptly stops beating or develops arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping effectively.
32
cardiac catheterization
diagnostic and treatment procedure in which catheter is passed into vein or artery and guided into heart.
33
cardiomyopathy
term to describe all diseases of the heart muscle
34
carotid endarterectomy
surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain. Performed to reduce the risk of stroke.
35
cholesterol
fatty substance in the blood. Aids in production of cell membranes, hormones, and vitamin D. From diet or created from liver. High levels can cause heart disease.
36
chronic venous insufficiency
condition when venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or leakage of venous valves. Primarily affects feet/ankles leading to discoloration.
37
coronary artery disease
narrowing or hardening of coronary arteries that reduces blood supply to heart. This leads to MI - death. Most common type of heart disease.
38
coronary thrombosis
damage to heart muscle caused by thrombus blocking coronary artery.
39
defibrillation
or cardioversion. Use of electrical chock to restore normal heart rhythm.
40
diuretic
stimulates the kidneys to increase secretion of urine to rid body of sodium and water. Used to treat hypertension and heart failure to reduce the amount of fluid circulating in the blood.
41
electrocardiogram
record of electrical activity of the myocardium.
42
embolism
sudden blockage of blood vessel. Often named by its cause or location.
43
embolus
Foreign object such as blood clot, air/gas, tissue or tumor that is circulating in blood.
44
endocarditis
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart.
45
erythrocytes
RBC. Mature red blood cells produced by red bone marrow. Primary role is oxygen transport.
46
hemoglobin
oxygen carrying blood protein pigment of RBC.
47
hemolytic anemia
inadequate number of RBC due to premature destruction by the spleen.
48
hemostasis
stopping of blood flow
49
leukemia
cancer characterized by progressive increase of abnormal leukocytes. Types are named based on how quickly they progress and type of white blood cells involved.
50
leukocytes
WBC, blood cells involved in defending the body against infection.
51
leukopenia
decrease in number of disease fighting white blood cells in blood. Increases risk of infection.
52
megaloblastic anemia
blood disorder characterized by anemia in which RBCs are larger than normal. Usually results from B12 of folic acid deficiency.
53
myelodysplastic syndrome
cancer in which there is insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of bone marrow.
54
myocardial infarction
Heart attack. Occlusion of coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup.
55
orthostatic hypotension
low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up.
56
pericardium
Pericardial sac. Double walled membranous sac that encloses the heart.
57
pernicious anemia
lack of protein intrinsic factor that helps body absord B12 from GI tract. B12 is necessary for production of RBC
58
phlebitis
inflammation of a vein.
59
Raynaud's disease
peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress. Symptoms are due to constricted circulation.
60
sepsis
Infection that results from bacteria entering bloodstream. Can cause damage to many organ systems due to inflammatory factors being released into the bloodstream.
61
sickle cell anemia
genetic disorder resulting in abnormal hemoglobin resulting in sickle shape that interferes with normal blood flow damaging body systems.
62
tachycardia
abnormally rapid resting heart rate. HR > 100bpm
63
temporal arteritis
inflammation of blood vessels around the scalp that typically causes headaches, visual impairments or jaw pain.
64
thallium stress test
used to evaluate how well blood flows through coronary arteries during exercises. Performed by injecting thallium into bloodstream and shows decreased blood flow to part of the heart.
65
thrombocytopenia
condition where there are abnormally small number of platelets circulating. Blood is unable to clot effectively.
66
thrombolytic
clot busting drug.
67
thrombosis
abnormal condition of having a thrombus.
68
thrombotic occlusion
Blocking of artery by thrombus.
69
thrombus
blood clot attached to interior wall of artery or vein.
70
transfusion reaction
potentially fatal complication of blood transfusion in which severe immune response occurs due to mismatched blood.
71
valvulitis
inflammation of a heart valve.
72
varicose veins
abnormally swollen veins that usually occur in superficial veins of legs. Occurs when valves malfunction and blood pools causing them to enlarge.
73
ventricular fibrillation
Vfib. Rapid, irregular, useless contractions of ventricles. Cause of many cardiac deaths.
74
ventricular tachycardia
Vtach. Very rapid heartbeat begins within the ventricles. Heart is unable to adequately pump blood throughout the body.
