Chapter 8 Terms: Digestive System

Question 1

aerophagia

Answer 1

excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking and is a common cause of gas in the stomach.

Question 2

anastomosis

Answer 2

surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures.

Question 3

antiematic

Answer 3

medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting.

Question 4

aphthous ulcers

Answer 4

canker sores, gray-white pits with red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth. Associated with stress, food or fever.

Question 5

ascites

Answer 5

abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity. condition is usually the result of severe liver disease creating pressure on liver’s blood vessels.

Question 6

bariatrics

Answer 6

branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases.

Question 7

borborygmus

Answer 7

rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine.

Question 8

cachexia

Answer 8

condition of physical wasting away due to loss of weight and muscle mass. Pt unable to absorb enough nutrients

Question 9

celiac disease

Answer 9

hereditary autoimmune disorder characterized by the severe reaction to food containing gluten.

Question 10

cheilosis

Answer 10

disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at corner of the mouth.

Question 11

cholangiography

Answer 11

radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of contrast medium. Used to identify obstructions in the liver or bile ducts

Question 12

cholangitis

Answer 12

acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the right upper quadrant, fever, jaundice.

Question 13

cholecysitis

Answer 13

inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones blocking the flow of bile

Question 14

choledocholithotomy

Answer 14

is an incision into the common bile duct for the removal of a gallstone.

Question 15

cholelithiasis

Answer 15

presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

Question 16

cirrhosis

Answer 16

chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring.

Question 17

colonoscopy

Answer 17

direct visual examination of the inner surface of entire colon.

Question 18

colostomy

Answer 18

surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between colon and body surface. Segment below the ostomy is usually removed and fecal matter flows into disposable bag.

Question 19

Crohn’s disease

Answer 19

chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract. Most common in ileum

Question 20

dental prophylaxis

Answer 20

professional cleaning of the teeth to remove plaque and calculus.

Question 21

diveritculitis

Answer 21

inflammation or infection of one or more diverticulum in the colon. Symptoms include sudden pain, cramping and nausea.

Question 22

diverticulosis

Answer 22

chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula in the colon. No symptoms, from low fiber diet.

Question 23

dyspepsia

Answer 23

indigestion, pain or discomfort in digestion.

Question 24

dysphagia

Answer 24

difficulty swallowing

Question 25

enema

Answer 25

placement of solution into the rectum and colon to empty lower intestine through bowel activity.

Question 26

enteritis

Answer 26

inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substance contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens

Question 27

eructation

Answer 27

act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

Question 28

esophageal varices

Answer 28

enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus. Severe bleeding occurs if these veins rupture.

Question 29

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Answer 29

endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of upper GI tract.

Question 30

gastroduodenostomy

Answer 30

is the establishment of an anastomosis between upper portion of stomach and duodenum . Performed to treat stomach cancer.

Question 31

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Answer 31

GERD, upward flow of acid from stomach into esophagus.

Question 32

gastrostomy tube

Answer 32

surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach. Permanently placed to provide nutrition

Question 33

hematemesis

Answer 33

vomiting of blood, often resembles coffee grounds.

Question 34

Hemoccult test

Answer 34

fecal occult blood test used to test for blood in stool.

Question 35

hepatitis

Answer 35

inflammation of liver usually caused by viral infection. Viral hepatitis is leading cause of liver cancer and liver cancer.

Question 36

herpes labialis

Answer 36

cold sores, blister like sores on lips or face. caused by HSV1

Question 37

hiatal hernia

Answer 37

anatomical abnormality where part of stomach protrudes into chest through opening in diaphragm

Question 38

hyperemesis

Answer 38

extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration

Question 39

ileus

Answer 39

partial of complete blockage of the small or large intestine.

Question 40

inguinal hernia

Answer 40

protrusion of small loop of bowel through a weak place in lower abdominal wall.

Question 41

jaundice

Answer 41

yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes and eyes. Caused by high bilirubin.

Question 42

leukoplakia

Answer 42

abnormal white, usually benign lesion that develops on tongue or inside cheek from chronic irritation.

Question 43

melena

Answer 43

passage of black tarry foul smelling stools. Indicates upper GI bleed.

Question 44

morbid obesity

Answer 44

condition of weighing two times or more than the ideal weight or having BMI value greater than 40.

Question 45

nasogastic intubation

Answer 45

placement of feeding tube through nose into stomach, temporary placement.

Question 46

obesity

Answer 46

excessive accumulation of fat in the body, usually 20-30% over standards

Question 47

palatoplasty

Answer 47

surgical repair of a cleft palate, or cleft lip.

Question 48

peptic ulcers

Answer 48

sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system

Question 49

peristalsis

Answer 49

series of wave like contractions of smooth muscle in single direction that moves the food forward into the digestive system

Question 50

polyp

Answer 50

mushroom like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane.

Question 51

proctologist

Answer 51

physician who specializes in disorders of the color, rectum, anus.

Question 52

regurgitation

Answer 52

return of swallowed food into the mouth

Question 53

salmonellosis

Answer 53

transmitted by feces either through direct contact with animals or by eating contaminated raw or undercooked meats and eggs.

Question 54

sigmoidoscopy

Answer 54

endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon and descending colon.

Question 55

stomatitis

Answer 55

inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth.

Question 56

trismus

Answer 56

restriction to the opening of the mouth cause by trauma, surgery or radiation. Impairs speaking, swallowing, and ability to chew.

Question 57

ulcerative colitis

Answer 57

chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers.

Question 58

volvulus

Answer 58

twisting of the intestine on itself causing an obstruction

Question 59

xerostomia

Answer 59

dry mouth, lack of saliva due to diminished secretions by salivary glands.