chapter 5 test Flashcards
(15 cards)
eight-month-old Annika has had little exposure to people of other races. With respect to face perception, which outcome is likely for Annika?
A) her ability to discriminate other-race faces has weakened.
B) her preference for naturally arranged facial features has strengthened.
C) she prefers looking at images of her own face over those of others.
D) she can more easily discriminate among male than female faces.
her ability to discriminate other-race faces has weakened.
Which statement about development of handedness is correct?
A) Left-handed and mixed-handed individuals usually display the same lateralization pattern for language and spatial abilities as right-handers.
B) The rise in hand preference during the first two years is not a reflection of cerebral lateralization.
C) Most infants who display a hand preference prefer the left hand, which is controlled by the right cerebral hemisphere.
D) Early environmental influences on handedness, such as parental insistence that babies hold a spoon in the right hand, are well-supported by research.
Left-handed and mixed-handed individuals usually display the same lateralization pattern for language and spatial abilities as right-handers.
Which statement is true about malnutrition in the early years?
A) Even when malnourished children’s diets improve, their basal metabolism rate remains high, so they have difficulty gaining weight.
B) The passivity and irritability of malnourished children worsen the impact of poor diet on development.
C) Inadequate nutrition in young children sometimes occurs in the United States, though it has little impact on children’s physical growth and ability to learn.
D) Intellectual deficits resulting from iron deficiency anemia, though affecting half of children worldwide, are easily remedied through iron supplementation.
The passivity and irritability of malnourished children worsen the impact of poor diet on development.
As more time intervenes between habituation and test phases in research, infants shift from a ______.
A) familiarity preference to a novelty preference
B) novelty preference to loss of interest
C) novelty preference to a familiarity preference
D) familiarity preference to recovery
novelty preference to a familiarity preference
Although Galen met most early developmental milestones on time, he did not crawl until age 12 months. Galen’s parents are concerned that because he was a late crawler, he may be a late walker. Which statement about Galen is true?
A) Because he was a late crawler, Galen is likely to be impaired in depth perception.
B) Galen’s parents should be concerned about his development only if many motor skills are seriously delayed.
C) Infants with gross-motor skill delays often show delays in fine-motor development.
D) Because Galen was a late crawler, he will likely be delayed in other gross-motor skills, including walking.
Galen’s parents should be concerned about his development only if many motor skills are seriously delayed.
The best estimate of a child’s physical maturity is ____.
A) skeletal age
B) body weight
C) height
D) rate of physical growth
skeletal age
Young infants can be classically conditioned most easily when the association to be learned ______, as classical conditioning of ______ responses in infants younger than age 6 months illustrates.
A) involves motor skills; stepping
B) has survival value; feeding
C) taps statistical learning; musical
D) involves emotions; fear
has survival value; feeding
Infant mastery of new motor skills involves ______.
A) parental encouragement, which is more influential than infant attributes or the surrounding physical environment
B) minimal practice; skills emerge as the result of readiness of the baby’s brain and body
C) a temporary decline in security of previously mastered skills, reflecting loss of the dynamic system
D) inadvertent strengthening of previously mastered motor skills, reflecting a more mature dynamic system
a temporary decline in security of previously mastered skills, reflecting loss of the dynamic system
Which statement is true about weight faltering?
A) Even when promptly treated, affected children do not show catch-up growth.
B) As many as half of cases involve a disturbed parent–child relationship.
C) Despite weight loss, affected children display normal feeding behaviors.
D) Its most common secondary cause is inadequate caloric intake.
As many as half of cases involve a disturbed parent–child relationship.
______ promotes three-dimensional understanding, such as depth-at-an-edge, finding hidden objects, and recognizing a previously viewed object from a new angle.
A) Detection of subjective boundaries in drawings
B) Unified pattern perception
C) The visual cliff
D) Crawling experience
Crawling experience
A researcher wants to find out which areas of the cerebral cortex are activated when 4-month-olds process a visual pattern. Which measure of brain functioning should the researcher use?
A) electroencephalogram (EEG)
B) near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
C) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
D) positron emission tomography (PET)
near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
In the prenatal period, the head, chest, and trunk grow first, then the arms and legs, and finally the hands and feet. In infancy, the arms and legs continue to grow ahead of the hands and feet. This pattern of physical growth is known as the ______ trend.
A) proximodistal
B) differentiation
C) dynamic systems
D) cephalocaudal
proximodistal
From 3 to 4 months on, reaching improves as ______ advances and as infants gain greater ______.
A) habituation; motivation to reach for objects
B) intermodal perception; control of arm and hand movements
C) depth perception; control of arm and hand movements
D) proprioception; hand–eye coordination
depth perception; control of arm and hand movements
In a process called synaptic pruning, seldom stimulated neurons ______.
A) die quickly to make room for other developing neurons and their synaptic connections
B) multiply rapidly to support early, rapid brain growth
C) form glial cells to improve the efficiency of neural message transfer
D) lose their synapses, which allows for rearrangement and strengthening of remaining synapses
lose their synapses, which allows for rearrangement and strengthening of remaining synapses
Which research findings suggest that statistical learning is a built-in, broadly applied capacity?
A) Human newborns are capable of statistical learning only from the speech stream.
B) Statistical learning is evident only in nonhuman species, such as whales and chimps, who are capable of acquiring some kind of language.
C) Human newborns are capable of statistical learning from speech and visual information.
D) Nonhuman species, such as rats, are not capable of statistical learning.
Human newborns are capable of statistical learning from speech and visual information.
