Chapter 5 - Variations in Consciousness

Question 1

Lobes of the brain involved in conciousness? (2)

Answer 1

Frontal + parietal

Question 2

monitors brain electrical activity

Answer 2

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

Question 4

2 Ways brain waves are measured

Answer 4

1. amplitude
2. Frequency

Question 5

CPS of Beta waves

Answer 5

13-24

Question 6

CPS of Alpha waves

Answer 6

8-12

Question 7

CPS Theta waves

Answer 7

4-7

Question 8

CPS Delta waves

Answer 8

<4

Question 9

Brain waves associated with normal waking thought, alert problem solving. ALSO REMBrain waves associated with

Answer 9

Beta waves

Question 10

Brain waves associated with deep relaxation / blank mind meditation

Answer 10

Alpha waves

Question 11

Brain waves associated with light sleep (stage 1-2)

Answer 11

Theta waves

Question 12

Brain waves associated with deep sleep AKA slow wave sleep

Answer 12

Delta waves (slow wave)

Question 13

Production of melatonin / physiological pathway of the biological clock

Answer 13

Light levels > retina > suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus > pineal gland > secretion of melatonin

Question 14

How much time do infants spend in REM sleep per night?

%

Answer 14

50%

Question 15

What percentage of time sleeping is spent in REM for adults?

Answer 15

20%

Question 16

A difference between a 20 year old and 70 year old sleep structure?

Answer 16

Older will spend more time in stage 2, less time in stage 3 (deep sleep)

Question 17

consists of the afferent fibres running
through tbe reticular formation that influence
physiological arousal.

Answer 17

ARAS (ascending reticular acticating system)

Question 18

2 areas in the brain critical to the generation of REM sleep

Answer 18

PONS and adjacent areas in the MIDBRAIN

Question 19

Area in the brain that regulates sleep and wakefulness

Answer 19

hypothalamus

Question 20

areas in the brain that may control of sleep and a variety of neurotransmitters are involved

Answer 20

medulla, thalamus, and basal forebrain

Question 21

Who theorized that dreams are wish-fulfillment; manifest and latent content of dreams

Answer 21

Freud

Question 22

Who hypothesized that dreams help woth cognitive problem-solving; enhanced learning after dreaming about a task

Answer 22

Cartwright

Question 23

Who hypothesized activation-synthesis, that dreams are solely byproducts of bursts of neural activity?

Answer 23

Hobson and McCarley

Question 24

Who popularized the term hypnotism?

Answer 24

James Braid

Question 25

4 valid effects produced through hypnosis:

Answer 25

- anesthesia - sensory distortions / hallucinations - disinhibition - posthypnotic suggestions and amnesia

Question 26

Who believed hypnosis to be role playing? | 2 people

Answer 26

Theodore Barber + Nicholas Spanos

Question 27

Who believed hypnosis to be an altered state of consciousness / dissociation

Answer 27

Ernest Hilgard

Question 28

Dissociation

Answer 28

a splitting off of mental processes into two separate, simultaneous streams of awareness.

Question 29

What is this an example of: people will often drive a car a great distance, responding to traffic signals and other cars, with no recollection of having consciously done so

Answer 29

divided consciousness

Question 30

refers to a family of practices that train attention to heighten awareness and bring mental processes under greater voluntary control.

Answer 30

Meditation

Question 31

Type of meditation where th emind is focused on something specific

Answer 31

focused attention

Question 32

Type of meditation where attention is directed to the contents of one’s moment-to-moment experience in a nonjudgmental and nonreactive way

Answer 32

open monitoring meditaiton

Question 33

chemical substances that modify mental, emotional, or behavioural functioning.

Answer 33

Psychoactive drugs

Question 34

Category of drugs primarily used for pain relief

Answer 34

Opioids

Question 35

Morphine, heroin and oxycodone are examples of: | Drug class

Answer 35

Opioids

Question 36

Category of sleep inducing drugs

Answer 36

Sedatives

Question 37

Category of drugs that increases CNS activity

Answer 37

Stimulants

Question 38

Category of drugs that distort sensory and perceptual experience

Answer 38

Hallucinogens

Question 39

Category of drugs that produce mild, relaxed euphoria

Answer 39

Cannabis

Question 40

Category of drug that produces relaxed euphoria, decreases inhibition

Answer 40

Alcohol

Question 41

Barbituates and nonbarbituates are examples of: | Class of drug

Answer 41

Sedatives

Question 42

Cocaine blocks reuptake of wich neurotransmitters? | 3

Answer 42

Dopamine, norepinepherine, serotonin

Question 43

Amphetamines and cocaine increase activity at which circuits?

Answer 43

Dopamine (reward) circuits

Question 44

MDMA leads to a learge release of WHICH nt?

Answer 44

Serotonin

Question 45

THC hijacks brains cannabinoid receptors, which lead to release of??? | naturally occuring morphines

Answer 45

endorphins