Chapter 5 - Variations in Consciousness Flashcards
Four elements of consciousness
External stimuli, internal stimuli, awareness of thoughts, and sense of self
Mirror test
Tests the sense of self by marking a subject’s forehead and seeing if they wipe it off in the mirror
Sleep hygeine
The factors that affect sleep
Stage 1 sleep
Falling asleep
Stage 2 sleep (sleep spindles and K-complexes)
Sleep spindles keep you asleep while K-complexes react to sound and wake you up
Stage 3 sleep
Transition stage
Stage 4 sleep
Deep sleep; body repair and growth
REM sleep
Rapid eye movement; stage gets longer as sleep continues, muscle paralysis
Sleep and age
Children get the most deep sleep, young adults get the most REM sleep, and the elderly get the least deep sleep
Partial sleep deprivation
A small amount of sleep is lost over a period of time
Complete sleep deprivation
No sleep
REM deprivation
Hallucinations, the brain looses its plasticity
Stage 4 deprivation
slurred speech, lost coordination, diabetes
Insomnia
Not being able to sleep or sustain sleep
Narcolepsy
Medical condition where stimulus causes a person to fall asleep
Sleep apnea
A person struggles with breathing during sleep
Somnambulism
Sleep walking, occurs during stage 4 sleep
Enuresis
Bed wetting
Night terrors
Occurs during stage 2 sleep, more common in children
Sleep paralysis
A person wakes up while their body is paralyzed in sleep, they may continue to dream leading to hallucinations
Freud’s views on dreams
Wish fulfillment, taboo urges
Dreaming and daily residue
The day can be reflected in your dreams
Dreaming and age
Different ages can have different dreams appropriate for their age
Lucid dreams
The dreamer becomes aware that he is dreaming
