Chapter 5 Vocab

Question 1

Aggregates

Answer 1

Collections of people who share a physical location but do not have lasting social relations (119)

Question 2

Anomie

Answer 2

“Normlessness”; term used to describe the alienation and loss of purpose that result from weaker social bonds and an increased pace of change (122)

Question 3

Authority

Answer 3

The legitimate right to wield power (136)

Question 4

Bureaucracy

Answer 4

A type of secondary group designed to perform tasks efficiently, characterized by specialization, technical competence, hierarchy, written rules, impersonality, and formal written communication (137)

Question 5

Category

Answer 5

People who share one or more attributes but who lack a sense of common identity or belonging (119)

Question 6

Charismatic Authority

Answer 6

Authority based in the perception of remarkable personal qualities in a leader (137)

Question 7

Coercive Power

Answer 7

Power that is backed by the threat of force (136)

Question 8

Crowd

Answer 8

A temporary gathering of people in a public place; members might interact but do not identify with each other and will not remain in contact (119)

Question 9

Dyad

Answer 9

A two‐person social group (126)

Question 10

Expressive Leadership

Answer 10

Leadership concerned with maintaining emotional and relational harmony within the group (137)

Question 11

Group Cohesion

Answer 11

The sense of solidarity or loyalty that individuals feel toward a group to which they belong (129)

Question 12

Group Dynamics

Answer 12

The patterns of interaction between groups and individuals (126)

Question 13

Group

Answer 13

A collection of people who share some attribute, identify with one another, and interact with each other (119)

Question 14

Groupthink

Answer 14

In very cohesive groups, the tendency to enforce a high degree of conformity among members, creating a demand for unanimous agreement (129)

Question 15

Honor Killing

Answer 15

The murder of a family member—usually female—who is believed to have brought dishonor to the family (140)

Question 16

In-Group

Answer 16

A group that one identifies with and feels loyalty toward (126)

Question 17

Influential Power

Answer 17

Power that is supported by persuasion (136)

Question 18

Instrumental Leadership

Answer 18

Leadership that is task or goal oriented (137)

Question 19

Legal-Rational Authority

Answer 19

Authority based in laws, rules, and procedures, not in the heredity or personality of any individual leader (137)

Question 20

McDonaldization

Answer 20

George Ritzer’s term describing the spread of bureaucratic rationalization and the accompanying increases in efficiency and dehumanization (139)

Question 21

Out-Group

Answer 21

A group toward which an individual feels opposition, rivalry, or hostility (126)

Question 22

Power

Answer 22

The ability to control the actions of others (136)

Question 23

Primary Groups

Answer 23

Groups composed of the people who are most important to our sense of self; members’ relationships are typically characterized by face‐to‐face interaction, high levels of cooperation, and intense feelings of belonging (119)

Question 24

Rationalization

Answer 24

The application of economic logic to human activity; the use of formal rules and regulations in order to maximize efficiency without consideration of subjective or individual concerns (139)

Question 25

Reference Group

Answer 25

A group that provides a standard of comparison against which we evaluate ourselves (126)

Question 26

Secondary Groups

Answer 26

Groups that are larger and less intimate than primary groups; members’ relationships are usually organized around a specific goal and are often temporary (119)

Question 27

Social Identity Theory

Answer 27

A theory of group formation and maintenance that stresses the need of individual members to feel a sense of belonging (136)

Question 28

Social Influence

Answer 28

Group impact on others’ decisions (130)

Question 29

Social Loafing

Answer 29

The phenomenon in which each individual contributes a little less as more individuals are added to a task; a source of inefficiency when working in teams (134)

Question 30

Social Network

Answer 30

The web of direct and indirect ties connecting an individual to other people who may also affect the individual (120)

Question 31

Social Ties

Answer 31

Connections between individuals (120)

Question 32

Traditional Authority

Answer 32

Authority based in custom, birthright, or divine right (137)

Question 33

Triad

Answer 33

A three‐person social group (126)

Question 34

Virtual Communities

Answer 34

Social groups whose interactions are mediated through information technologies, particularly the Internet (124)