Chapter 5 Vocab

Question 1

Our awareness to ourselves and our environment

Answer 1

Consciousness

Question 2

The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24 hour cycle

Answer 2

Circadian rhythm

Question 3

Rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active

Answer 3

REM sleep

Question 4

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

Answer 4

Alpha waves

Question 5

Periodic, natural loss of consciousness – as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation

Answer 5

Sleep

Question 6

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

Answer 6

Hallucinations

Question 7

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

Answer 7

Delta waves

Question 8

Nonrapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep

Answer 8

NREM sleep

Question 9

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

Answer 9

Insomnia

Question 10

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The suffer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times

Answer 10

Narcolepsy

Question 11

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessation of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

Answer 11

Sleep apnea

Question 12

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; Unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during stage four sleep

Answer 12

Night terrors

Question 13

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and congruities, and for the dreamers delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it

Answer 13

Dream

Question 14

According to Freud, the remembered storyline of a dream

Answer 14

Manifest content

Question 15

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream

Answer 15

Latent content

Question 16

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

Answer 16

REM rebound

Question 17

A social interaction in which one person suggest to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

Answer 17

Hypnosis

Question 18

A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

Answer 18

Posthypnotic suggestion

Question 19

A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

Answer 19

Dissociation

Question 20

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods

Answer 20

Psychoactive drug

Question 21

The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drugs affect

Answer 21

Tolerance

Question 22

The discomfort and distress the fall is discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

Answer 22

Withdrawal

Question 23

A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued

Answer 23

Physical dependence

Question 24

A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions

Answer 24

Psychological dependence

Question 25

Compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences

Answer 25

Addiction

Question 26

Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

Answer 26

Depressants

Question 27

Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

Answer 27

Barbiturates

Question 28

Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depressed neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

Answer 28

Opiates

Question 29

Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and ecstasy

Answer 29

Stimulants

Question 30

Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

Answer 30

Amphetamines

Question 31

A powerfully addictive drug that simulates the central nervous system, with speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; overtime, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

Answer 31

Methamphetamine

Question 32

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin producing neurons and to mood and cognition

Answer 32

Ecstasy (MDMA)

Question 33

Psychedelic drugs such as LSD, that distort perceptions any Volk sensory images in the absence of sensory input

Answer 33

Hallucinogens

Question 34

A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid

Answer 34

LSD

Question 35

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

Answer 35

Near death experience

Question 36

The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects including mild hallucinations

Answer 36

THC