Chapter 9 Vocab

Question 1

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change the route the lifespan

Answer 1

Developmental psychology

Question 2

The fertilized egg is; it enters a two week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

Answer 2

Zygote

Question 3

The developing human organism from about two weeks after fertilization to the second month

Answer 3

Embryo

Question 4

The developing human organism from nine weeks after conception to birth

Answer 4

Fetus

Question 5

Agents, such as chemicals and viruses, I can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

Answer 5

Teratogens

Question 6

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking

Answer 6

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 7

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation as infants gain the Milyer Arity with repeated exposure to visual stimulus, their interest waned and they look away sooner.

Answer 7

Habituation

Question 8

Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience

Answer 8

Maturation

Question 9

All the mental activities associated with thinking knowing remembering and communicating

Answer 9

Cognition

Question 10

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

Answer 10

Schema

Question 11

Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

Answer 11

Assimilation

Question 12

Adapting our current understandings to incorporate new information

Answer 12

Accommodation

Question 13

In PJs theory, the stage during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

Answer 13

Sensorimotor stage

Question 14

The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

Answer 14

Object permanence

Question 15

In PJs theory, the stage during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

Answer 15

Preoperational stage

Question 16

The principal Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning, that property such as mass volumes and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects

Answer 16

Conservation

Question 17

In PJs Thierry the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another point of view

Answer 17

Egocentrism

Question 18

Peoples ideas about their own and others’ mental states about their feelings perceptions and thoughts and behaviors these might predict

Answer 18

Theory of mind

Question 19

In PJs Thierry the stage of cognitive development during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

Answer 19

Concrete operational stage

Question 20

In PJs Siri the stage of cognitive development during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

Answer 20

Formal operational stage

Question 21

A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication and social interaction and understanding of other states of mind

Answer 21

Autism

Question 22

The fear of strangers that infants commonly display beginning about eight months of age

Answer 22

Stranger anxiety

Question 23

And emotional tie with another person

Answer 23

Attachment

Question 24

And optimal. Shortly after birth what an organisms exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development

Answer 24

Critical period

Question 25

The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life

Answer 25

Imprinting

Question 26

A persons characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

Answer 26

Temperament

Question 27

According to Erick Erickson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; such a B form during infancy inappropriate experiences with responsive caregivers

Answer 27

Basic trust

Question 28

Our understanding and evaluation of who we are

Answer 28

Self-concept

Question 29

In psychology, the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people to find male and female

Answer 29

Gender

Question 30

Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone

Answer 30

Aggression

Question 31

The sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have 2X chromosomes; males have one

Answer 31

X chromosome

Question 32

The sex chromosome found only in males

Answer 32

Y chromosome

Question 33

The most important of the male sex hormones

Answer 33

Testosterone

Question 34

A set of expectations about the social position, defining how those in the position out to behave

Answer 34

Role

Question 35

A set of expected behaviors for males or for females

Answer 35

Gender role

Question 36

Our sense of being male or female

Answer 36

Gender identity

Question 37

The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role

Answer 37

Gender typing

Question 38

The theory that we learn social behavior by deserving and imitating it by being rewarded or punished

Answer 38

Social learning theory

Question 39

The transition. From childhood to adult hood, extending from puberty to independence

Answer 39

Adolescence

Question 40

The period of sexual maturation , During which a person becomes capable of reproducing

Answer 40

Puberty

Question 41

The body structures that make sexual reproduction possible

Answer 41

Primary sex characteristics

Question 42

Non-reproductive sexual characteristics such as female breast and hips male voice quality and body hair

Answer 42

Secondary sex characteristics

Question 43

The first menstrual period

Answer 43

Menarche

Question 44

Our sense of self; according to Ericsson, the adolescents task is to solidify a sense of self by testing in integrating various roles

Answer 44

Identity

Question 45

The Ouija aspect of our self-concept the part of our answer to who am I that comes from our group memberships

Answer 45

Social identity

Question 46

In Ericksons theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood

Answer 46

Intimacy

Question 47

For some people and modern cultures, the period from the late teens to mid 20s, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence in full independent and responsible adulthood

Answer 47

Emerging adulthood

Question 48

The time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines

Answer 48

Menopause

Question 49

A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another

Answer 49

Cross-sectional study

Question 50

Research in which the same people are re-studied and retested overlong period

Answer 50

Longitudinal study

Question 51

Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age

Answer 51

Crystallized intelligence

Question 52

Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood

Answer 52

Fluid intelligence

Question 53

The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement

Answer 53

Social clock