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Biology 112 > Chapter 50- Introduction To Ecology > Flashcards

Chapter 50- Introduction To Ecology Flashcards

0
Q

Population

A

A group of individual of the same species living in the same area at the same time.

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1
Q

Ecology

A

The study of how organisms interact with their environment.

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2
Q

Community

A

Species that interact with each other within a particular area.

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3
Q

Ecosystem

A

All of the organisms in a particular region along with nonliving components.

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4
Q

Abiotic

A

Not-living

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5
Q

Biotic

A

Living

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6
Q

Conservation Biology

A

The effort to study, preserve, and restore threatened populations, communities, and ecosystems.

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7
Q

Turnovers

A

The mixing of lake water due to air temperatures.

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8
Q

Thermocline

A

A gradient in temperature.

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9
Q

Productivity

A

The total amount of carbon fixed by photosynthesis per unit area per year.

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10
Q

Littoral zone

A

Seashore: shallow waters along the shore.

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11
Q

Limnetic zone

A

Lake; offshore, water that receives enough light to support photosynthesis.

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12
Q

Benthic Zone

A

Depths; the substrate/bottom of the ocean.

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13
Q

Photic zone

A

Regions of littoral, limnetic, and benthic zones that receive sunlight.

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14
Q

Aphotic Zone

A

Portions of a lake or pond that do not receive sunlight.

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15
Q

Plankton

A

Cyanobacteria, algae, and other microscopic organisms.

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16
Q

Detritus

A

Dead organic matter

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17
Q

Wetlands

A

Shallow-water habitats where the soil is saturated with water for at least part of the year.

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18
Q

Emergent Vegetation

A

Plants that grow above the surface of the water.

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19
Q

Bogs

A

Water habitats with little or no water flow.

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20
Q

Marshes

A

Lack trees and feature grasses, reeds, and other nonwoody plants.

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21
Q

Swamps

A

Dominated by trees and shrubs.

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22
Q

Streams

A

Bodies of water that move constantly in one direction.

23
Q

Ponds

A

Small freshwater bodies of water.

24
Q

Estuaries

A

Where rivers meet the ocean, where salt water mixes with fresh water.

25
Q

Intertidal Zone

A

A rocky, muddy, or sandy beach exposed to the air at low tide, but submerged at high tide.

26
Q

Neritic Zone

A

Extends from the intertidal zone to depths of 200 m.

27
Q

Lakes

A

Large freshwater bodies of water.

28
Q

Continental Shelf

A

The gently sloping, submerged portion of a continental plate.

29
Q

Oceanic Zone

A

The deepwater region of ocean beyond the continental shelf.

30
Q

Coral Reefs

A

Some of the most productive environments in the world.

31
Q

Biomes

A

Major groupings of plant and animal communities defined by a dominant vegetation type.

32
Q

Climate

A

The prevailing, long-term weather conditions found in an area.

33
Q

Weather

A

Specific short-term atmospheric conditions of temperature, precipitation, sunlight, and wind.

34
Q

Net Primary Productivity

A

The total amount of carbon that is fixed per year minus the amount that is oxidized during cellular respiration.

35
Q

Biomass

A

Energy used by the organism, but not for growth.

36
Q

Aboveground biomass

A

The total mass of living plants, excluding roots.

37
Q

Tropical Wet Forest

A

Tropical rain forests, have trees with broad leaves, no seasonal variation in temperature.

38
Q

Canopy

A

The uppermost layers of branches.

39
Q

Epiphytes

A

Plants that grow entirely on other plants.

40
Q

Subtropical Desert

A

Dry biomes with less than 3in of annual precipitation and low productivity.

41
Q

Temperate

A

Having pronounced annual fluctuations in temperature

42
Q

Temperate Grasslands

A

Grasslands with a defined summer and winter.

43
Q

Temperate Forests

A

Forests with defined seasons and dominated by deciduous trees.

44
Q

Taiga

A

Regions with cool or cold seasons and coniferous trees.

45
Q

Tundra

A

Region with cold temperatures, low productivity, and a short growing season.

46
Q

Permafrost

A

A perennial frozen state.

47
Q

Hadley Cell

A

A global air circulation cycle responsible for levels of precipitation.

48
Q

Rain Shadow

A

Areas that receive cool, dry air from over a mountain crest that had released precipitation on the other side of the mountain.

49
Q

Seasons

A

Regular, annual fluctuations in temperature/and or precipitation.

50
Q

Specific Heat

A

The capacity of a substance for storing heat energy.

51
Q

Biogeography

A

The study of how organisms are distributed geographically.

52
Q

Range

A

Geographic distributions of organisms.

53
Q

Dispersal

A

The movement of an individual from its place of origin to the location where it lives and breeds as an adult.

54
Q

Exotic

A

Not native

55
Q

Invasive Species

A

Species that, when introduced into a new area, spread rapidly and eliminate native species.

56
Q

Sage-Steppes

A

Dry, arid habitats dominated by shrubs.

Biology 112 (12 decks)

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