Chapter 50: Sensory and Motor Mechanisms Flashcards
What’s the difference between endocrine system speed and nervous system speed
- Endocrine system secretes hormones that effects slower but long-acting responses (reproduction, development, metabolism)
- Nervous system has high-speed electrical signals
Two criteria to distinct intercellular signal type
- Type of secreting cell
- The route taken by the signal in reaching its target
Types of local regulators
- Cytokines and growth factors
- NO (nitric oxide)
- Prostaglandis
What are PHEROMONES
- Chemicals that are released into external environment to mark territories, attracting potential mates
3 types of hormones
- Steroid
- polypeptides
- amines derived from amino acids
Which hormones are water-soluble and which hormones are lipid-soluble
- Polypeptides and amines are water-soluble
- Steroid and others are lipid-soluble
The solubility of a hormone correlates with what
- The location of receptors inside or on the surface of target cells
Lipid-soluble hormones act on genetic change
- Once biding with the receptor, it binds in the DNA and make transcription to a specific gene change
Water-soluble hormones secreted by what
- Exocytosis
Single hormone can have multiple effects on target cells because
- Different receptors for the hormone
- Different signal transduction pathways
What does prostaglandins help in immune system and blood clots
- Promote fever and intensify the sensation of pain
- Regulate aggregation of platelets
What is the difference between insulin and glucagon
- Insulin (decrease blood sugar), beta cell
- Glucagon (increase blood sugar) , alpha cell
What is the most common endocrine disease
- Diabetes mellitus
Type I vs Type II diabetes
- Type I: don’t produce insulin
- Type II: don’t respond to insulin
Posterior pituitary vs anterior pituitary
- Posterior: store and secrete hormones
- Anterior: make and relase hormones under hypothalamus
