Chapter 40: Animal Form and Function Flashcards
What is anatomy
The study of the biological form of an organism
What is physiology
the study of the biological functions an organism performs.
Is form and function of the animals correlated with each other
Yes
What change the pattern of development program in animal (evolution, adaptation)
The Genome
What do physical laws constrain
Strength, diffusion, movement, heat exchange
What is the noticeable appearance of sea animals who are fast swimmer
Their apperance is limited and has a fusiform, tapered on both ends
What is increasing size in animals proportional to
Their skeleton, muscle to support their mass
Evolutionary convergence reflects what?
Different species’ adaptations to a smiliar environmental challenge
Example of convergence evolution
Shark(fish) and dolphin(mammal), although they aren’t the same species, they both have streamline shape to live underwater
What kind of size and shape can benefit most from exchanging with the OUTER environment
Flat shape like tape worm, sacklike body plan
What exchange in complex body helps get rid of wastes and obtain nutrients
Exchange between interstitial fluid and circulatory fluid
What’s the difference between adaptation and acclimatization
- Adaptation refers to a trait that evolve as a result of natural selection, a process of change
- Acclimatization doesn’t evolve genetic change, a temporary change
Rate of exchange is proportional to a cell’s surface area
Diffusion
Amount of exchange material is proportional to a cell’s volume
Metabolism
What is law of diffusion
dictates the rate at which material diffuse into and out of the tissue
What is law of diffusion calculates
- Surface area
- Concentration difference
- Distance
List hierarchical organization of body plans from smallest to largest
Cell - Tissues - Organ - Organ system
Pancreas belong to 2 organ systems
Endocrine and digestive
Four main types of tissues
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
What’s epithelial tissue form
Covers the outside of the body and line organs and cavities within the body
What is epithelial tissue function
- Protect from the environemnt
- Exchange movement of materials in and out of the body
3 shapes of epithelial cells
- cuboidal (dice) (kidney glands salivary glands, secretion)
- columnar (bricks on end)
- Squamous(floor tiles)
3 arrangements of epithelial cells
- Simple (single-cell layer)
- Stratified (multiple tiers of cells)
- Pseydostratified (single layers with different length)
Is epithelia polarized
- Yes as they have two different sides. Apical surface faces the lumen (cavity), basal surface is the opposite side
