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Human Sexuality > Chapter 5.5-5.6 > Flashcards

Chapter 5.5-5.6 Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Sexual orientation

A

Direction of a person’s sexual feelings/attraction

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2
Q

Heterosexuality

A

Sexual attraction to people of the other sex

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3
Q

Homosexuality (Gay)

A

Sexual attraction to people of one’s own sex

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4
Q

Bisexuality

A

Sexual attraction to both men and women

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5
Q

Lesbian

A

Sexually or romantically attracted exclusively to other women

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6
Q

Pansexual

A

Experience romantic or sexual attraction to people of all sexes and gender identities
- Gender inclusive
- Some individuals are nonbinary or trans and pan and polysexual attractions include this

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7
Q

Polysexual

A

Attracted to others of multiple (but not necessarily all) sexes and genders

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8
Q

Asexual

A

May have little interest in having sex, even though they desire emotionally intimate relationships
- Prevalence 1-4% of people identify this way
- “Ace”

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9
Q

Aromantic

A

Someone who experiences little to no romantic attraction
- While some people who are aromantic may desire romantic relationships, others may not

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10
Q

Bicurious

A

Describes people who are usually gay, lesbian, or heterosexual and who are curious about experimenting with people of genders different from their usual preference

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11
Q

Homoflexible/lesbiflexible

A

People who are usually attracted to people of genders similar to their own but might occasionally be attracted to people of genders different from their own

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12
Q

Fluid

A

Attraction which changes or might change over time

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13
Q

Queer

A

A non-specific identity for describing anyone diverging from heterosexuality, monogamy, and vanilla sexuality

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14
Q

Heteroflexible

A

People who are usually attracted to people of genders different from their own, but might occasionally be attracted to people of genders similar to their own

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15
Q

LGBTQQIAP

A

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Questioning, Intersex, Asexual, Pansexual
- Gender identity is separate from sexual orientation

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16
Q

Homophobia

A

Prejudice against homosexuality or gay people
- Personal attitude

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17
Q

Gay bashing

A

Hate crimes against gay people
- Sometimes include verbal abuses as well as physical violence

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18
Q

Heterosexism

A

Cultural establishment of heterosexuality as the normal and preferred form of sexual expression
- Institutional prejudice
- 2/3 of sexual minorities have been discriminated against in the past year

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19
Q

SGM

A

Sexual and gender minorities
- LGBTQ+ is typically preferred at inclusive events

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20
Q

WSW

A

Women who have sex with women

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21
Q

MSM

A

Men who have sex with men

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22
Q

Is the Kinsey scale widely used today?

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A

Typically, not used in research

23
Q

What does the Kinsey scale measure?

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A

7-point scale of sexual orientation

24
Q

What is a Kinsey 6?

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A

Exclusively attracted to same sex

25
How does the Klein scale differ from the Kinsey scale?
Measures: - Sexual attraction - Sexual behavior - Sexual fantasies - Emotional preference - Heterosexual/homosexual lifestyle - Self-identification
26
Biggest advantage of Klein scale
Measures past, present, and ideal
27
What percent of people are LGB?
- Analysis of internet use data show that about 5% of Americans are gay - Americans overestimate the percentage that is gay - ~2% of women and 3% of men categorize themselves as exclusively or "mostly" attracted to the same sex
28
Percentage of LGB individuals across generations
Percentages increase through the generations (younger = higher percentage)
29
Genital arousal and bisexuality/sexual fluidity
- More men than women are exclusively homosexual - More women than men are equally attracted to both sexes - Across a variety of studies, heterosexuality identified women are more likely to report same-sex behavior than heterosexually identified men - Studies also show less consistency between patterns of sexual behaviors and sexual attraction among women than among men - Using genital arousal, sex difference is even more strong
30
Reasons for sex differences in sexual attraction, behavior, and identity
- Consequences of the greater rates of bisexual attraction among women than among men - Women with same-sex attractions and behavior face greater pressure than men with same-sex attractions and behavior to maintain a heterosexual self-concept - Heterosexually identified men with same-sex attractions might be less likely to act on those attractions, given the greater homophobia typically directed at men than women - Might reflect gender differences in the propensity for change over time in attractions, rendering women more likely than men to have patterns of prior behavior that conflict with their current identity
31
How are pregay children different than heterosexual peers?
- Pregay boys = less interested in "boy" toys and activities, judged as less masculine or girlish, less stereotyped career goals - Prelesbian girls = prefer boys' toys and activities, judged as less feminine or boyish, male typical career goals
32
Are pregay traits present in adulthood?
- Adult gay men and women also tend to be gender-atypical in cognitive and behavioral traits - Being same-sex attracted is not the same as being trans but, same-sex attracted people are (on average) atypical in some gendered traits and this is true across cultures
33
Gaydar
Ability to recognize gay people on the basis of unconscious behaviors, voice, gait, etc.
34
Is gaydar accurate?
Research using "thin slice" (pic or very short video clip) indicates that LGB individuals more accurate at identifying LGB people than heterosexual individuals - Lesbians most accurate - LGB individuals only more accurate with the least information
35
What is gaydar tapping into?
Gender-atypical cues
36
Can computers figure out if people are gay?
A computer program accurately identified gay men from pictures 81% of the time and lesbians 71% of the time - Humans not as accurate - correct 54-61% of the time - Femininity and masculinity of faces was used
37
What percent of Americans think gay sex is wrong?
- In 2023, 36% of Americans believed that gay/lesbian behavior is morally wrong - Implicit associations test shows that most people have unconscious or automatic preference for straight people over gay people
38
Homophobia
- Prejudice against homosexuality or gay people - Personal attitude
39
How does homophobia affect LGB individuals?
- Increased mental health issues - Social stigma - Physical violence
40
What percent of hate crimes are against the LGBTQ+ community?
- Hate crimes against LGBTQ individuals make up 19% of hate crimes in the US - Pulse Nightclub shooting 2016 - Club Q shooting 2022
41
FBI data on LGBTQ+ hate crimes
- Anti-LGBTQ+ hate crimes more than doubles - In the 28 states that have enacted policies restricting LGBTQ+ students' self-expression and/or limiting how teachers can talk about gender and sexuality in school anti-LGBTQ+ hate crimes more than tripled
42
LGBTQ+ hate crime laws
- Hate crime laws require law enforcement agencies to investigate and prosecute criminals committed with bias against LGBTQ people - Some state laws also require collection of data on anti-LGBTQ hate crimes - 23 states, 2 territories, and DC have hate crime laws that protect sexual orientation and gender identity - 11 states have a law protecting only sexual orientation - 12 states, 0 territories: existing hate crime law does not cover sexual orientation or gender identity - 4 states, 3 territories, no hate crime laws
43
Outcomes of discrimination against LGB+ individuals
- Sexual minorities who live in areas of the country where there was a lot of homophobia die earlier - Sexual minorities have higher rates of alcoholism, depression, anxiety - Other research shows that having multiple oppressed identities is worse in terms of health outcomes than just being LGB alone
44
Who is homophobic?
Homophobia increases: - Those who regularly attend religious services - When they believe gay people can choose to be gay - Those who have homosexual urges
45
Conversion therapy
Pseudoscientific practice of trying to change an individual's sexual orientation from gay/lesbian/bisexual to heterosexual using psychological or spiritual interventions - Also called sexual orientation change efforts
46
Is conversion therapy effective?
APA stance on conversion therapy: - Task force looked at literature on this topic and determined that conversion therapy probably does not change sexual orientation (at best) and can be harmful to the person (at worst)
47
Is conversion therapy legal?
- 23 states now ban conversion therapy, including all of New England and the west coast - 4 states partial ban - These laws do not restrict the practice among religious providers - Only 51% of LGBTQ population live in states that ban conversion therapy for minors
48
Coming out
Process of understanding, accepting, and valuing your sexual orientation/identity
49
Steps of coming out
- Accepting that one is LGBTQ+ - Coming out to others - Joining the gay and lesbian community - Integrating the gay part of one's identity with other parts of their identity
50
Femme
Feminine acting, dressing
51
Butch
Masculine acting, dressing
52
Top
Partner who prefers to penetrate
53
Bear
- Burly gay man with lots of body hair - Reject "pretty boy" image that is popular in gay male culture
54
Bottom
Partner who prefers to be penetrated

Human Sexuality (5 decks)

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