Chapter 9

Question 1

Kinks

Answer 1

Colloquial term for unusual sexual interests and practices
- Do not cause distress or dysfunction

Question 2

Paraphilias

Answer 2

Persistent, intense sexual desire or behavior that is uncommon or unusual

Question 3

Paraphilic disorders

Answer 3

Paraphilias that cause distress or harm others

Question 4

Fetish

Answer 4

Sexual arousal from an inanimate object, material, or part of the body
- More men than women
- One category of kink

Question 5

Partialism

Answer 5

Fetishtic attraction to a specific part of the body or something worn on the body
- Many geared toward feet and shoes

Question 6

Rubberist

Answer 6

Latex fetish

Question 7

Object fetishism

Answer 7

Sexual arousal by objects that are not associated with bodies
- Many objectphiles are women
- Some are on the autism spectrum and/or have difficulty establishing social relationships with humans

Question 8

When is a fetish a disorder?

Answer 8

One must not be able to have satisfactory sex without the fetish

Question 9

Common fetishes

Answer 9

• Feet and/or toes: 47%
• Bodily fluids: 9%
• Hair: 7%
• Muscles: 5%
• Tattoos and piercings: 4%
• Oral area: 2%
• Fingernails or toenails: <1%
• Body odors: <1%

Question 10

Potential stages of transvestic fetishism

Answer 10

• Wearing clothes of the other sex for purposes of sexual arousal
• Usually heterosexual men
• Approximately 2.8% of men and .4% of women have engaged in this practice
• Many men hide it from their wives
• Many wives worry their husbands are gay
• Terms sometimes applied to cross dressing for any purpose

Question 11

Tri-Ess

Answer 11

Support organization for heterosexual cross-dressers
- Socialize in safe, accepting groups

Question 12

Drag

Answer 12

Wearing of exaggeratedly feminine clothing by a man or male clothing by a woman, often for entertainment

Question 13

Cross-dressing

Answer 13

Wearing the clothing of the other sex, for any of a variety of reasons, including greater comfort

Question 14

Sadism

Answer 14

Sexual arousal by the infliction of pain, bondage, or humiliation on others, or by witnessing the recipient’s sufferingM

Question 15

Masochism

Answer 15

Sexual arousal from being subjected to pain, bondage, or humiliation

Question 16

Sadomasochism

Answer 16

Infliction and acceptance of pain or humiliations as means of sexual arousal
- Some prefer dominant role
- Some prefer submissive role
- Some participate in both roles

Question 17

Bondage

Answer 17

Use of physical restraint for purposes of sexual arousal

Question 18

Dominance

Answer 18

Use of humiliation or subservience for purposes of sexual arousal

Question 19

Submission

Answer 19

Taking the subservient role

Question 20

BDSM

Answer 20

Bondage, dominance/discipline, submission/sadism, masochism
- All-inclusive term for forms of sexual expression that involve inflicting and receiving physical pain, restraint, or humiliation
- BDSM is fairly common
- Fantasies involving BDSM more common than behavior
- Some individuals become so focused on receiving pain or humiliation, that sexual arousal plays little role

Question 21

Personality traits related to BDSM

Answer 21

• Less neurotic, more extroverted, more open to new experiences, more conscientiousness, and less agreeable
• Greater narcissism

Question 22

Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse for people who participate in BDSM

Answer 22

7.9% of men and 19.7% of women had suffered some form of sexual abuse in childhood (compared to 3% men and 8% women in population)

Question 23

Dominatrix

Answer 23

Woman who acts the role of dominant partner in a BDSM setting

Question 24

Edgeplay

Answer 24

Challenge the bottom’s tolerance and boundaries of safety/consent
- Typically, only used by those who have practiced together for a longer time

Question 25

Voyeurism

Answer 25

Sexual arousal by watching unsuspecting people while they are undressing, naked, or engaged in sex

Question 26

Frotteurism

Answer 26

Sexual arousal from touching or rubbing genitals against strangers without their consent or knowledge - often happens in public places

Question 27

Consent in BDSM

Answer 27

- Ongoing process - Set limits

Question 28

Safe words/safe gestures

Answer 28

- Using the safe word is a skill that needs to be learned through practice - This may be difficult for those who suffered childhood sexual abuse

Question 29

BDSM aftercare

Answer 29

Dom checks in with submissive --> emotional well-being, comforting, holding

Question 30

When do paraphilic disorders start?

Answer 30

Around puberty

Question 31

Difference between kink and paraphilic disorder

Answer 31

Paraphilic disorders interfere with relationships, sexual functioning, work, or are distressing

Question 32

Who has paraphilic disorders?

Answer 32

- More men - 54% experience multiple

Question 33

Personality traits associated with paraphilic disorders

Answer 33

Lack social skills, sense of inadequacy, depression, rage against women

Question 34

Biological theory of development

Answer 34

- Genes: kinks and paraphilic disorders sometimes run in families - Brain differences

Question 35

Learning theory of development

Answer 35

- Classical conditioning to sexualize nonsexual stimuli - Weak or inconsistent results in literature (may be different in children)

Question 36

Hypersexuality theory of development

Answer 36

Excessive sexual desire or behavior - Compulsive masturbation, devoting a great deal of time to porn, pursuit of sex partners, sexual fantasy

Question 37

Aversion therapy

Answer 37

Attempts to eliminate unwanted desires or behaviors by associating them with some unpleasant experiences, such as a noxious smell or disgusting pictures

Question 38

Masturbatory reconditioning

Answer 38

- Attempt to eliminate unwanted desired or behaviors by controlling fantasy content during masturbation - Ex: someone who is aroused by girls may start masturbation by thinking about girls and then switches to thinking adult women

Question 39

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Answer 39

- Aim is to correct the disordered thinking that the person uses to justify or rationalize their behaviors - Learn triggers and cues that precede offending

Question 40

Is psychotherapy effective?

Answer 40

Evidence that psychological treatments work is mixed

Question 41

Sexual Offender Treatment and Evaluation Project

Answer 41

- Sex offenders randomly assigned to treatment (relapse prevention) or no treatment - Treated for many years while in jail and then after incarceration - No difference in reoffending

Question 42

Recent studies of psychological treatments

Answer 42

Larger effect in adolescents than adults

Question 43

Are pharmacological or psychological treatments better?

Answer 43

- Drugs eliminate criminal behavior over many years - Drugs are more effective than psychological treatments

Question 44

SSRIs

Answer 44

- Inhibition of serotonin reuptake via SERT - Enhanced activation of receptor - Impaired libido, arousal, and orgasm - Reduction in obsessive paraphilic fantasies and urges and compulsive paraphilic sexual behaviors - Management of comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms/disorders

Question 45

Synthetic steroidal analogs

Answer 45

- Increased hepatic catabolism of testosterone - Suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis - Increased testosterone protein binding - Depressed cellular uptake of androgens - Suppression of sex drive - Reduction of intensity and frequency of sexual urges

Question 46

GnRH analogs

Answer 46

- Suppression of physiologic, pulsatile release of luteinizing hormone - Reduction in paraphilic fantasies and behaviors

Question 47

Do treatments cure paraphilic disorders?

Answer 47

Drugs are helpful in reducing sexual urges, but do not cure paraphilic disorders